Philip Crosby Essay

Philip Crosby was born on June 18th, 1926. He was a successful businessman and a famous author who added so much to the practice of quality management and also the management theory. Philip Crosby started the Zero defect plan at the company in Orlando Florida which was the Martin Company. As manager of Quality control at a program of Pershing Missile, Philip Crosby was accredited with a 25% decline in the general rate of rejection and a 30% rate of decline in the costs of scrap. After working at ITT, Philip opened a management consultancy firm in 1979 and naming it Philip Crosby Association. His consultancy firm offered quality management educational courses at the head office in Winter Park, Florida and also at 8 overseas locations. Later in 1979 Philip Crosby published his very first book based on business, Quality is free. This book became an instant hit due to the severe problems in the North American Quality.   Through out the 1970s and 80s the manufacturers of North America were losing ground on the market share to the products of Japan only because the quality of the japenese products were much better then the North American Products. The reply to the quality problem by Philip Crosby was the rule of DIRFT (doing it right the first time). Later he added 4 more essential principles Conformance to neccessities is the true meaning of quality Avoidance is the structure of quality Zero defects is the standard of performance The cost of nonconformance is the size of quality (SkyMark, 2007) The recommendation of improving quality by Philip Crosby was a program of fourteen steps. His conviction was that a corporation which initiates a quality maintaining program will definitely see more saving rather than paying off the quality program cost. Fourteen Steps to Improve Quality The organization is dedicated to maintain quality Make teams who improve quality. Bring all senior managers from different departments. Evaluate processes to decide potential and current issues of quality. Evaluate the price of poor quality Lift the awareness of quality among all of the employees Take necessary action to correct the issues of quality Check quality improvement progress. Make a committee to check zero defects. Teach the managers in improving quality Have days of zero defects Support the workers to initiate their own goals of improving quality Support the communication among employees with the senior managers about the barriers to quality Be familiar with the effort of the participants Make councils of quality Do it again. Improving quality never stops. The Approach of Philip Crosby widened as he included new improvement ideals. He talks about the 5 different traits of a successful company Normally people do things correctly the first time Change is predictable and is used as a benefit Growth is steady and beneficial Fresh services and products emerge when required All of the workers are pleased to work. (Philip Crosby, 1995) In the approach of Philip Crosby, the message of Quality Improvement needs to be spread by making a hub of quality experts in the organization. He strongly emphasized on the approach of top-down, as he thought that the upper management is mainly responsible to improve and maintain quality.   The main aim is to teach the staff and offer them the quality improving tools and to apply the fundamental principle of Prevention Management in each and every part. He Died on August 18, 2001. (Winter Park Public Library) Bibliography SkyMark (2007) Philip Crosby: The Fun Uncle of the Quality Revolution. http://www.skymark.com/resources/leaders/crosby.asp Philip Crosby (1995) Philip Crosby’s Reflections on Quality: 295 Inspirations from the World’s Foremost Quality Guru, Publisher: McGraw-Hill; 1 edition Winter Park Public Library, the Philip Crosby Collection. http://www.wppl.org/wphistory/PhilipCrosby/index.html =

Feminism and Misandry in Popular Culture Essay

Feminism is dead. What exactly do I mean? Feminism is meant to be about gender equality, but this is no longer true. Instead, feminism has become synonymous with misandry—the hatred of men. Men are society’s official scapegoats while women are portrayed as victims. Men are often penalized for the collective guilt of men throughout history, and women feel they deserve compensation for this perceived victimization in the past. While the early feminist movement ensured equal opportunity for women, it now serves women’s special interests. Popular opinion portrays men as violent and animalistic, while women are viewed as caring and matronly. This is a misnomer perpetuated by a gynocentric society. According to a 2003 study by the Domestic Violence Research Center, it is estimated that 6 million men are victims of domestic violence in Canada alone, accounting for nearly half of all instances of domestic violence. However, fewer than 100,000 cases of male domestic abuse were reported. While it is true that women make up a larger percentage of rape victims, one in thirty-three men is raped or attempted to be raped by a woman. Even more shocking is that less than 1% of all male rape cases are ever reported. Barbara Kay, a Canadian gender equalist, says that the disparity between the reported cases and estimated cases is†¦ â€Å"Due to cultural norms that require men to present a strong facade†¦ men are less likely to verbalize fear of any kind. † Further discrimination happens against fathers. It is commonly assumed that the best interests of the child coincide with the best interests of the mother, but this simply isn’t true. In the study conducted by Patrick Fagan and Dorothy Hanks published in The Child Abuse Crisis: The Disintegration of Marriage, Family, and the American Community, the most likely perpetrator of abuse to a child is the child’s mother. The father is the parent most likely to be the protector of children, and the same study found that the presence of a father greatly lessens the risk of child sexual abuse. Yet many child custody laws in Canada and the United States strongly favor women. Approximately 70% of all custody cases are awarded to women in Western culture, and this percentage drastically increases in America and in the South. Most significantly, though, is the guilt that men must endure. Masculine traits are considered shameful or low-brow, while feminine traits are viewed as refined or high-brow. Overt manliness is something likened to piggishness or idiocy. Male sexuality is depicted as lustful harassment, while female sexuality is flaunted as beautiful and elegant. The hatred of men has become so mainstream that even Hallmark—known for its politically correct sentiments—features cards reading â€Å"There are plenty of things easier than finding a good man†¦ Nailing Jell-O to a tree, for instance. † or â€Å"Men are scum†¦ Excuse me. For a second there, I was feeling generous. † Hallmark is not the only one making money off of popular prejudice: TV shows, books, comic strips and even the new media all pander to this sexist trend. Western culture is seen as the height of the civil rights movement. Great activists like Louisa G. Anderson and Susan B. Anthony revolutionized Britain, America and the rest of the world. Modern feminism, however, caters to the personal gain and special interests of women. Gender equality applies to men and women alike, despite efforts by feminist elitist to degrade and exclude the male gender. Men endure much of the same injustice as women. Misandry is of equal importance to misogyny, and should be treated with the same intolerance.

Workplace Writing Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workplace Writing - Lab Report Example Technical writing holds immense importance in the field of software engineering because in order to write the conceptual overviews, procedures, reading and writing example codes, proposals, a sound knowledge of technical writing is required. In order to provide a greater link between technical writing and software engineering, I performed an interview of Mor Harchol- Balter who is a Professor of Computer Science and provides a closer look at the use of technical writing in the field of software engineering. Mor Harchol- Balter, a Professor of Computer Science at the Carnegie Mellon University, received her doctorate from the Computer Science department at the University of California at Berkeley in 1996. Following this, she spent three years in MIT under the NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Mathematical Sciences. She has not only received multiple best paper awards but also numerous teaching awards as well. She is currently serving as the Associate Department Head for Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. On Wednesday April 15, 2015, at 2:30 PM, a formal request was sent to Dr. Mor Harchol- Balter coupled with a sample of 10 interview questions which were to be covered during the interview. The formal request was sent via email. Dr. Mor Harchol- Balter responded to the formal invite at 5:45 PM on April 17, 2015. Her response included a time and date for the interview. The interview took place at the EUSES lab at the Oregon State University, on April 19, 2015 starting at 10:00 AM and ending at 10:30 AM. Over a period of 30 minutes, we discussed her current writings, her goal and also her previous experiences. Dr. Balter also showed a sample document. However, since the sample being a project proposal was not permitted by Dr.Balter to be reproduced or copied, the sample was analyzed and a similar sample was attached in Appendix B. An email thanking Dr. Balter was sent after the

Business imformation tech Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business imformation tech - Term Paper Example 1. Providing for the disposal of the electronics to their clients, for example, the LG company has waste baskets in its points of sale(hot point appliances) to collect the waste from its clients for destruction or for reusing 2. Providing information about manufacturing and the assembly of their products. This information helps the consumers to understand the make of the product, which enable them to extend their lifespan by modifying them when need arises 3. Delaying the release of new products. The manufacturers delay the release of new improved products, which increases the lifespan of the old products as the consumers tend to discard them by increases the amount of time between the successive releases, the manufacturers tend to increase the amount of time before the old products are deemed obsolete. 4. Introduction of new products at a relatively higher cost. The high cost tends to discourage the consumers from discarding of their old products unnecessarily as well as ensuring that the consumers make a long time plans for the new products before the purchase them, increasing their life span and reducing electronic waste (Cieslak, David, and Bob Gaby, 2004). 5. Introduction of recycling cost to electronic products. Where the state supports it, the manufacturers of electronic gadgets add a recycling fee to the price of the product e.g., the state of California passed a law that requires the consumers pay for the recycling of their products. Starting a company that allows people to locate and reuse the used computers and other technologies is a worthwhile venture. it bring most of the electronics within the reach of most people in the third world countries e.g., in Ghana, of the 215 000 tones of electronics imported each year, only 30% are brand new while the remaining 70% are used (assessment of e waste in Ghana). Furthermore, the

Homework 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework 4 - Essay Example was not liable under product liability law for the injury to Clark. There were several key factors in this case including: (1) the individual who shot the paintball gun (Rico) testified that the product did not malfunction when he fired it. (2) Clark was aware that protective eyewear was available to use, but he decided not to wear any; (3) Clark knew beforehand that there was danger involved in what he was doing since he said it was â€Å"common sense† for people not to shoot anyone in the face with a paintball gun and; (4) the product did what is was expected to do under the circumstances. Product liability can be based on the theories of negligence, misrepresentation, and strict liability. In regards negligence, the manufacturer would have to fail to exercise ‘due care’ to ensure the product is safe. This would include the design, manufacturing, and inspection. This did not happen or could be proved as shown primarily by Rico’s testimony that the gun did not malfunction. Misrepresentation can happen if intentional mislabeling of packages happens or if product defects are concealed. Neither of these things happened with Brass Eagle and the Supreme Court case details mentioned how a warning label showing the dangers was in the package itself. The requirements for Strict product liability under Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts is federal law that can be summarized as: (1) the product must have been in defective condition when sold; (2) the defendant must have been in the business of selling the product; (3) the product must be unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer because of it’s defective condition; (4) the plaintiff must incur physical harm; (5) the defective condition must by the proximate cause of the injury; and (6) the goods must not have been substantially changed from the time the product was sold to when the damage occurred. Clark could not prove that the product itself was

Response Execution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Response Execution - Essay Example These plans may be carried out verbally and informally, especially for incidents that are simple in nature and have short duration by the Incident Commander. Written action plans, are considered whenever there are two or more areas of responsibility involved, the duration of the incident carried on into another operational period, new organizational elements are triggered and if it is required by agency policy (Greene, 2001). Incident management plans are written to clearly provide a statement of objectives and appropriate measures, provide a gauge to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness and to provide a basis to assess the progress and accountability of the incident of the incident team (Greene, 2001). A sniper was reported within the vicinity of the power failure area. The said sniper is randomly shooting citizens in the downtown park area. Said area is congested due to the power outage. According to initial reports, two civilians were shot by said sniper and may still be alive. There will be one assigned Incident Commander (IC) who will directly have the overall responsibility of the resolution of the situation. In this exercise, the Governor of Arizona is the most likely candidate as he/she is mandated by State of Arizona to execute the Emergency Response and Recovery Plan (SERRP), the ICS management plan of the state (State of Arizona, 2003). The IC shall oversee the functions of the incident command system (ICS) and their respective section chiefs - operations (responsible for direct tactical actions), planning (responsible for preparation of action plan, resource maintenance and situational status), logistics (provide support), finance administration (procurement of supplies and cost accounting), information officer, safety officer and other representatives from assisting agencies. (Greene, 2001). The unified command ICS structure will be used, as it is the structure being utilized by the SERRP. Due to the potentially wider scope and further implications of the scenarios, the Governor of

Interview with a 30 Years Older Person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview with a 30 Years Older Person - Essay Example Just, pray for me. Please. Mr. Ross. Young man, I still believe, you are right in narrating the utility of family. Although back in 1930, a Harper's Monthly Magazine essayist wrote: "To-day social and civic agencies, in taking over most of these parental responsibilities, have deprived the parents of an important bond of mutual understanding. But, I still believe in the sanctity, integrity and sovereignty of family as the supreme social institution. I never complain about Tania, who left me in a lurch, when I needed her most. She was not a staunch believer in the sanctity of family. She passed her most time out. Our initial love fizzled soon.. Had Amelia, not died in 1995. I would have never gone for another marriage. She was really faithful, loving and caring. Only Richard, when grew up gave us some tough time. I did not have enough time to give him. So he grew brat. Then I decided to move into my family more closely for the sake of Richard and gave him a regular family therapy. Me. It is great thing to learn from you. ... I think, in modern society, family has lost its relevance altogether. Mr. Ross. No. Look, young man. Although, over the decades the family as a unit has decayed in American society. But, I still, believe that there is no other institution that can be compared to the family as an institution fit for grooming the children as successful persons. Now, I will explain to you the family system therapy. In the first instance, Family Systems Therapy works on the assumption that the all the family members are interdependent with one and the other and are expect some form of reciprocity (Bowen, 1985). Family Systems Therapy has a broad spectrum of application which can be used to treat children in the families and intimate couples that might have one of the following: various personal and family crises; sociological disorders; and physically challenged or have a chronic illness. Since Richard used to think aggrieved by my over occupation with work he was always sad and angry. In the age of 16, he left home and I received complaints from local police station that Richard has been caught gambling and in some other illegal, unhealthy activities in the local pubs. This worried me a lot. I immediately decided to go for family therapy for Richard. This type of therapy focuses on the aggrieved child helping him through the grief, sadness, depression, anger, and other emotions. It differs from person to person on how they can cope up with this kind of situation. Some individuals' even stops talking as a coping mechanism during this period. For some, it goes on and on until they realize that they cannot speak as they think that they have lost a part of them completely. You see. Most of the children entirely blame themselves for their parents' problems and

Animal Cruelty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Animal Cruelty - Essay Example This paper will examine the topic of animal cruelty in details by discussing various emerging issues and themes arising from the topic. Animal brutality investigations and trials have become regular dealings that interest extensive responsiveness. They cause massive emotion and attention, yet they can be difficult to follow. While certain people may see these cases as unimportant, actions against offenders of these crimes are being prosecuted like any other criminals. Animal cruelty is a crime as serious as any other cruelty crimes. Animal cruelty does not involve just beating up an animal. It also involves denying an animal food, water, basic medical care and shelter. Moreover, many animals are also protected by the law (Arluk 183). The neglect of animal can be classified into two sections. They are simple and gross neglect. Simple neglect involves depriving an animal of basic needs. It is normally not viewed as a crime and is usually resolved by intervention by animal control and care by educating the people on proper animal care. Gross neglect involves willful cruelty and malice towards an animal. Willful neglect is prosecutable by law as it is considered a serious crime. Avoidance of pointless animal abuse has been fundamental in laws in Western people for eras (Arluk 186). Governments and metropolises have reacted to the wellbeing of citizens by increasing the punishments for acts of brutality and providing better means for the investigation and trial of these offenses. The animal welfare states that animals can be used for food, clothing and research as long as this is done in a humane way. An example is the slaughter f cows or goats for domestic or commercial purposes. Animal should not be subjected to any kind of suffering. Animal rights activists disagree with this. They argue that many people may misinterpret the word humane and they rule pout the idea of animals being viewed as commodities.

Appraise four pieces of evidence available for implementation in your Essay

Appraise four pieces of evidence available for implementation in your area of interest - Essay Example 1048). The most common (30%) nosocomial infection is catheter-associated UTI, or CAUTI. The strongest factor in determining whether or not CAUTI will occur is the actual duration of catheterization. Other factors that can contribute to the development of CAUTI include age, diabetes mellitus, female sex, and elevated serum creatinine levels. Most patients with CAUTI do not show any symptoms, so treatment typically does not occur while the catheter is in place (Wazait, et.al., 2004). The recent surge in resistant antimicrobials has complicated the use of systemic antibiotics. Typically, no rationale based on evidence is in existence to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI after catheters have been removed. "A recent national multidisciplinary survey of healthcare professionals (by the present authors) showed a vast diversity in the practice (unpublished data). The aim of the present pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to assess if a short course of ciprofloxacin starting at the time of catheter removal reduced the UTI rate after removal (Wazait, et.al., 2004, pg. 1048). It took a total of four months to recruit enough patients to take part in the study. These patients were taken from both medical and surgical wards in the authors' hospital. In order to qualify for the study, patients had to have been catheterized for 2-7 days. There were a number of exclusion criteria including the following: recent genitourinary surgery, the receipt of antibiotics within the preceding 48 hours, the inability to consent to the study, impaired renal function, pregnancy or breastfeeding, epilepsy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, a history showing disorders of quinolone-related tendon disorders, or quinolone allergies (Wazait, et.al., 2004). Age, sex, reason for catheterization, and comorbidity were among the background data collected from the patients participating in the study. Ethical committee approval on the local level was obtained for the study. Eligible patients provided written consent to take place in the study. "Patients were assigned randomly to receive a 48-h course of either ciprofloxacin (400 mg 12-hourly) or placebo tablets starting 2 h before catheter removal. Randomization was confirmed by a computer-generated list. The ciprofloxacin and placebo were packaged into identical containers by an independent pharmacy, and all staff involved at any stage of the double-blind trial were unaware of the medication given to the patients" (Wazait, et.al., 2004, pg. 1049). Just before the start of the medication, a catheter specimen of urine (CSU) was taken from each patient. "At the follow-up 7 and 14 days after catheter removal, patients completed a questionnaire for UTI symptoms, and mid-stream urine (MSU samples were collected. Patients who could not be seen in hospital were followed up by a home visit" (Wazait, et.al., 2004, pg. 1049). Standard collection and laboratory procedures to keep the samples pure and separate before, during, and after testing were followed in order to ensure accurate results (Wazait, et.al., 2004). Of the original 52 patients that were scheduled to take place in the trial, four had been excluded for one or more of the reasons listed above. 25 of the remaining 48 patients received ciprofloxacin, and 23 of them

Do IM and SMS contribute to decay of language Essay

Do IM and SMS contribute to decay of language - Essay Example The modern generation’s introduction to texting of these sorts has influenced their behaviour in academic writing (Momberg). The fact of importance to most is which kind of effect is it having. Lecturers in the universities have been attributed to having said that the use of SMS to an extent nearing generalized communication over the day has resulted in loss of punctuation and proper spellings for most of the students (Momberg). On one hand it might have been the sole reason for their to the point replies with brevity (Momberg) since they have now gotten used to it. The conciseness something that would be considered as a positive effect of instant messaging and short message service but does it even out the loss of literature's grasp itself as well or does it help evolve it? It might be interesting to note that jargon of such kind was not really introduced by texting (Crystal), it was there 50 years before the introduction of texting. English, infact, is said to have been gene ralizing abbreviations since its epoch. Words such as car, exam, ok, etc (pun intended) were often abbreviated long before the modern age. All these first forms of the words were criticised in their own time, but have now become a part of the formal english literature (Crystal). Do we consider that evolution of culture or decay of language? It is the perspective that matters. To weigh the pros and cons of such an evolution might be the way to go. In 1711, Joseph Addison is said to have criticised the abbreviation of words. These abbreviations and short words are often SMS-esque and are often blended with the modern day short messaging and texting, be it over internet or a cellphone. The text messaging differ in terms of their abbreviations over individual writing styles. Although, some standards are now settling in as trends, there is no standard style or expectation of writing a short message or an instant message (Crystal). To find the origin of the usage of abbreviations in texti ng, it is not hard to see that it was to overcome the technological bounds of typing with a cell phone’s keypad rather than a full keyboard or even, for some, due to shifting newly to a keyboard from a traditional pen and paper writing as well as to save the costs by writing the minimum amount of text characters. On the other hand is it really just this which influences the transforming of correct spellings in to, often, more complex ones which might apparently take more time and energy. David Crystal regards it as a need to play with words and sounds to form a language without barriers that pushes the trend forward to even use words and abbreviations that are rather more complex than the language they are replacing (Crystal). The trend of texting might also be used as a cover up by many who can’t actually spell. On reading a text message full of SMS jargon, you have no way to tell whether the sender can spell proper english and has done it deliberately or doesnâ€℠¢t know how to spell and is using the short message jargon as a way to escape scrutiny of the reader (Clarke). This might be of interest to those who think that sms is decaying the english language; SMS is only hiding the facts that people have abandoned reading and writing proper literature. SMS, on the other hand, might be informally educating the readers to a new trend and evolving global language. The debate between these two sides would depend on how the abbreviations and the jargon is being used. Plain writing is not the only thing that has been influenced by short messaging and instant messaging. Poetry has also come in the line of texting through these

Cultivating Culturally Responsive Leaders Essay Example for Free

Cultivating Culturally Responsive Leaders Essay The purpose of this study is to make school administrators aware and familiar with the challenges and obstacles ELL students encounter. With such a growing population of ELL students, teachers are having to become more and more aware of instructional strategies. Teachers are now being held accountable more than ever for their student’s performance and need to make sure every student makes learning gains. With South Florida’s increasing ELL population teachers are struggling to get these students, whose first language is not English, to speak, read, and write proficiently in English before they take the FCAT or by the end of the year to be able to show learning gains. This case study will take place at Winston Park K-8 School. Winston Park is located in a suburban, middle to lower class multiethnic community in the southwest section of Miami-Dade County. The student population is composed of eighty-six percent Hispanics, nine percent white, one percent black, and four percent other. Sixty percent of the students are eligible for free and reduced lunch, 46% are ELL, six percent are SWD, and four percent are gifted students. Average daily attendance is 98%. There is a total of 96 instructional staff members. Ninety-one percent of the instructional staff is highly qualified. Twenty-six percent of teachers have received advanced degrees. Parental involvement is high and growing. The student interviewed is an eight-year-old third grade student. Gabriela came from Cuba in March of 2012. Gabriela and her family came from Cuba in search of freedom and a better life. Gabriela came to the United States with her father and mother. Gabriela states that they lived in a poor neighborhood and struggled to get the little food that they did to put on the table. After school Gabriela would go to work with her mom at a farm to pick fruits, vegetables, and even milk cows. Gabriela has showed great growth in the one year that she has been in the Miami-Dade County Public school system. Although Gabriela has attended Winston Park from the beginning of this school year, this is the second school she’s attended in the district since arriving from Cuba. Gabriela’s mom informed that she was very unhappy at her previous school but that now Gabriela loved waking up in the morning to attend school. Even though both of her parents work they are very involved in her studies and will stop at nothing to make sure Gabriela gets a good education. Gabriela is not your average recently arrived ELL student. In the short time she has been here, Gabriela has learned to read, write and comprehend English just as well, if not at times better than many of her non-ELL classmates. Gabriela has made Honor Roll every nine-week grading period and was even referred to be tested for the gifted program. In this case study we will answer how do ELLs, their parents, teachers, and other stakeholder understand ELLs academic experiences in school and how can administrators work be informed by a case study that focuses on ELLs and their experiences in Florida schools. Literature Review In reviewing literature based on paired reading and fluency increase, I found several sources that supported my hypothesis that pairing low (ESOL) and high (Non-ESOL) students during reading is an effective intervention. These findings are particularly significant to those educators who are seeking ways to help students with reading fluency difficulty. Reading fluency is important for comprehension. When students read efficiently and accurately, then they can comprehend what they read more easily. In primary grades, students learn to read but in upper elementary grades students read to learn. What is fluency? According to the National Reading Panel (2000), fluency is the ability to read text aloud with speed, accuracy, and proper expression (Armbruster, Lehr, Osborn, 2001; Meyer Felton, 1991; Rasinkski, 2003). Fluent readers can recognize the majority of the words they read automatically without having to decode individual words; they are ble to dedicate their attention to the ultimate goal of reading: comprehension. Fluency is the bridge between word recognition and reading comprehension (Kuhn Stahl, 2000; Nathan Stanovich, 1991; Rasinksi Padak, 2004). While studies have not determined the ideal number of times necessary to achieve reading fluency, researchers say the more times the better. A typical reader needs to read a passage four times to reach maximum fluency levels (National Reading Panel, 2000). Beginning readers and struggling older readers tend to read slowly, haltingly, and with little or no expression. Often as a result, text comprehension is affected, confidence levels are low, and they do not enjoy reading. Therefore, fluency is and should be a primary goal of literacy instruction. The oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-5 are: 1st 53-111, 2nd 89-142, 3rd 107-162, 4th 123-180, and 5th 139-194 (Hasbrouck Tindal, 2006). While conducting my research, I found different types of reading interventions that can help increase an ESOL student’s fluency: Choral Reading, Duet Reading, Audio-Recorded Books, Echo Reading, and Paired Reading (Hudson et al. , 2005; The Partnership for Reading, 2001). In choral reading, a group of students read aloud from the same selection. The teacher can read along to set the pace and model targeted skills. Students can improve their fluency skills, including appropriate pausing and expression, by reading along with a group of readers or with a strong reader as a partner (Hudson, 2005). In duet reading, a stronger reader is paired with a less-fluent reader. The stronger reader sets the pace and provides visual tracking by moving his or her finger below each word as it is read in unison. In audio-recorded books, the student reads aloud with an audio-recorded version of a book. The purpose is to encourage the weaker reader to read along with the tape. In echo reading, the adult reads a short passage and then invites the child to â€Å"Say what I say† or â€Å"Copy me,† encouraging the child to repeat what the adult has read (Robertson Davig, 2002). In this way, the adult models fluent reading and then provides the child with an opportunity for immediate practice. In paired reading, children who are struggling with reading fluency are paired up with a more capable reader. In this strategy, the fluent reader and reader take turns reading by lines or pages (Mathes, Fuchs, Fuchs, Henley, Sanders, 1994). In evaluating the different types of reading interventions, I found that paired reading is the most commonly used to increase fluency. According to the report of The National Reading Panel (2000), guided repeated oral reading is the most effective procedure for developing reading fluency (Kuhn Stahl, 2000; Rasinski Hoffman, 2003). Paired reading was originally developed as a strategy for parents and children reading at home, but it is easily adapted for classroom use in intervention lessons (Morgan Lyon, 1979; Topping, 1989). Paired reading requires the reading partners to read aloud. Reading aloud to elementary school students can have many beneficial effects; it improves their language skills, motivates them to read on their own, makes students familiar with books, and expands vocabulary (Saban, 1994). Research indicates that repeated paired reading leads not only to improving in reading the passage but also improvement in decoding, reading rate, expression, and comprehension of passages that the reader has not previously seen (Dowhower, 1994; Kuhn Stahl, 2000; National Reading Panel, 2000). Rasinski and Fredericks (1991) reported on a paired reading project launched by the Akron, Ohio Public School System; the results of the project suggest that paired reading also helped improve reading performance but in addition helps improve reading motivation and child bonding. Studies on paired reading showed that students of all ages can make extraordinary reading gains. In one study of paired reading over a period of six to ten weeks, students made a gain of at least six months in reading (Limbrick, McNaughton, Cameron, 1985). In another study, students made an average of three months gain for every month of paired reading. The less proficient readers were not the only ones who benefited; the student who served as the tutor also made substantial gains in their reading abilities (Topping, 1989). In summation, the characteristics of the paired reading instruction (positive one-to-one collaboration between skilled and less-skilled readers, reader engagement, practice, evidence of progress, and reader expression) support my hypothesis that pairing a low and high student during reading is an effective intervention for fluency increase. It may promote rapid turnaround in reader proficiency for less-skilled readers. Furthermore this finding is particularly significant to those educators who are seeking ways to help students with reading fluency difficulty. Method Three people participated in this study: Gabriela, an eight-year old student in third grade and an ESOL level one, her mom and the teacher, Mrs. Sanz. Everyone has given full consent and agreed to interview with us and give us information on Gabriela and their culture. Every person interviewed was cooperative and helpful throughout the interview. The teacher was a crucial part to our interview since she is the one who works directly with Gabriela on a daily basis and can best describes her strengths and weaknesses. During the interview, we asked Mrs. Sanz to please provide us with information and data about Gabriela. We explained to her teacher and mother that all of Gabriela’s information would be kept confidential and that her name would be changed for privacy purposes. Some of the data we collected was from the SAT (Stanford Achievement Test), FAIR (Florida Assessment in Instruction and Reading), and the CELLA (Comprehensive English Language Learning Assessment). While the teacher pulled out useful pieces of data she gave us a synopses of how Gabriela is in class and how she is getting along with all the other students. Mrs. Sanz feels she’s a bright young girl (probably gifted) with lots of potential. She is self-directive and puts forth maximum effort. Mrs. Sanz also told us Gabriela enjoys helping the other students in class. Mrs. Sanz feels this may be due to the high level of importance her parents have instilled in her regarding school. Sandra, Brenda and Mrs. Sanz all discussed and analyzed the data and we identified all her strong areas as well as a few minor weak areas. Sandra Ramallo and Brenda Gomez conducted the study. Sandra and Brenda were both present at all interviews and had the opportunity to talk to each interviewee. Since the study was conducted by both Sandra and Brenda the work load was distributed amongst each other. Brenda worked on the introduction, method, findings, and consent forms. Sandra worked on the literature review, discussion, and the transcription of the interview.

Computer network Essay Example for Free

Computer network Essay The Internet is network of networks, linking computers to computers sharing the TCP/IP protocols. Each runs software to provide or â€Å"serve† information and access and view information. The internet is the transport vehicle for the information stored in files or documents on other computers. It is sometimes compared to a giant international plumbing system. The internet itself does not contain information. What it was found in is one of the computers linked to the internet. The Internet, A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of academic, government, private, business, public networks and, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The internet can have many services, like Electronic mail(e-mail) that permits you to send and receive mail, Telnet(remote login) that permits your computer to onto another computer and use it as if you were there, FTP(File Transfer Protocol) allows your computer to rapidly retrieve complex files intact from a remote computer and view or save them on your computer, etc. To access the internet by computer, you need a computer, a modem or other telecommunications link, and software to connect to an Internet Service Provider. The internet is indeed a wonderful, amazing and brilliant gift that has been given by science to humans. Presently in this modern era, the Internet plays a significant role in our daily human life. Whereas, we are seriously addicted to using the Internet in this century. Moreover, people like to spend plenty of our human lives. Ten years ago, the Internet was practically unheard of by most people. Today, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources. According to Russ Brock, a director and consultant at the Center for Innovation and Inquiry, the Internet is main components are E-mail and the World Wide Web. There’s a lot more to the Internet than E-mail, search engines, celerity web sites, up-to-the-second sports scores, and chat rooms full of risk discussions. The Net also ranks as one of today’s best business tools if it’s used adroitly. Almost all households contain the Internet; however, before people connect to the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Many fear the Internet because of its disadvantages. They claim to not use the Internet because they are afraid of the possible consequences or are simply not interested. People who have yet connected to the Internet claim they are not missing anything. Today s technological society must realize, it is up to them to protect themselves on the Internet. Half of U. S. adults, or 94 million Americans, aren’t online. Children using the Internet have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children log onto the Internet (Children and the Internet). When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize they could actually be talking to a harmful person. As a result, there have been many cases where children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In fact, stories seem to come out every week: a child or teenager lured into something foolish, dangerous, or even deadly on line. Cathy Cleaver of the Family Research Council claims that it is against the law for a molester to even attempt to find children online In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material. Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area; thus, children come across such sites easily. A man from Pearl, Mississippi was arrested in 1996 for downloading pornographic images of children from the Internet. He was charged with 290 counts of child pornography). Some critics say that parents are responsible for their own children on the Internet because there are available services to protect children. To keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers.

Family Systems Therapy And Theories

Family Systems Therapy And Theories Family Systems Therapy is undergirded by a variety of theoretical approaches all of which focuses on human problems which result from relationships. As individuals we are encouraged to be autonomous, independent, make our choices and accept the consequences of these choices. This individualist stance seems to contradict the reality that we are born into families and spend our lives attached to a family either our own creation or one into which we are born. It is within these families that we learn, grow and develop. It is to these families we turn in times of hardships or triumphs. Family Systems Theories postulate that individuals are best understood within the context of their family. Like a living organism, families have properties which none of the individuals have, these properties are destroyed when members of the family are considered as individuals. Family systems theories shift the focus from individuals to the patterns in their relationships. Nichols 2009à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦p102. The behaviors manifested in one family member are linked to the behaviour of other members and may be a hallmark of how the family system functions not just symptoms of one members maladjustment. The difficulties of the presenting family member may, according to Corey 2009à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ p.412 Serve a function and purpose in the family Be unintentionally maintained by the family Be a function of the familys inability to operate productively Be a symptom of the dysfunctional patterns handed down across generations. This kind of approach is very different from the framework of individual psychology which conceptualizes human problem in an intrapsychic framework. The body of knowledge known as Family Systems Theory arises from observations by counselors as they work with individuals and their family. According to family system theories families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals. They do not exist in isolation whatever affects the individual affects the entire system. Perhaps the most fundamental concept of how families operate is that the family is a system which has a tendency to maintain stability by using information about its performance as feedback Nichols (2009)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦p98. In this theoretical framework a family is considered to be cybernetic. At the heart of cybernetics is the feedback loop which determines whether the current operation of the system is acceptable and if not attempts to make the necessary changes. The feedback can either be negative or positive. Negative feedback is not bad but indicates that the system needs to take corrective measures to return to stability. Positive feedback may have negative consequences as it may serve to reinforce an error in the system. In order to maintain this stability, there are family rules and family roles. Family Roles-this is a description of what is expected of each family member. At a basic level there are roles of father, mother, daughter, sister and so on, but there are less obvio us roles for example one member may assume the role of the responsible one or the humorous one as the case may be. Family Rules-these are often understood by member of the family although not written down and often unspoken; they set guidelines for how the family operates. For example a family would understand who makes the final decision in important matters. Although family members may see these rules as just the way things are they may or may not be aware that different families would do the same thing differently. The pioneers of family therapy recognized that social and cultural forces shape our values, thoughts and our concept of normal, but it was Murray Bowen that first defined a family theory. According to him, the history of our family creates a mold that shapes our values thoughts and experiences. He further suggested that this mold is passed from one generation to the next. Bowens theory focuses on two counterbalancing life forces. The first is togetherness and the second is individuality. When a family shares too much togetherness, fusion is created and where there is too much individuality the result is estranged family. He introduced eight interrelated concept to explain how families develop and function. Differentiation of self is the ability to distinguish and maintain personal thoughts feeling goals and identity in the face of emotional and social pressures to do differently.Differentiation of self is the cornerstone of Bowens theory. This involves the psychological separation of intellect and emotions and the independence of self form others. It is ability to think and reflect and not respond automatically to emotional pressure. Differentiated people have the ability to balance their feeling and thoughts, they are capable of strong emotion, yet posses self restraint. They are able to take a stand on issues and have the ability to think decide and act on what they believe. Undifferentiated people act emotionally they tend to be impetuous displaying submissiveness or defiance. They find it difficult to be autonomous and are unable to take clear position on issues. They tend to reflect the dominant emotional pattern in the family. Emotional triangles are formed when two people who are unable to resolve a problem draw a third person into the conflict. The third partys involvement may be short lived so forcing the two people to resolve their differences. If the third parties involvement becomes long term then a triangle becomes a part of the relationship. Triangulation ease the tension but freezes the conflict in place Nicholas (2008) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦p128 and eventually undermines the relationship. According to Nicholas 2008 most family problems are triangular. Nuclear Family Emotional processes are the emotional patterns in a family that continue over generations. A partner who lacks differentiation in his her family of origin may become emotionally cut off from hisher parents and this would lead to fusion in marriage. Fusion can produce different effects on the marriage including emotional distance between partners, marital conflicts, physical or emotional dysfunction in one partner or projection of the problem on one or more of the children Nicholas Shwartz, 2008à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ p 128. A parent lack of differentiation is transmitted to children in Family projection process. An undifferentiated mother may become attach to a child (or children) because she has decided that her spouse is inattentive to her. The mother would project her lack of differentiation to the child who is most attached. This child will achieve least differentiation and more vulnerable to problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the more the mother forces her attention n the child the more the childs functioning is impaired Nichols and Shwartz ,2008p129 Multigenerational Transmission Process describes the transmission of anxiety from one generation to another. This is the unconscious passing on of anxiety which overrides the adaptive thinking and behavior of succeeding generations. Sibling Position children develop personality characteristics based on their position in the family. Emotional Cut Off describes the way people manage anxiety between generations. the greater the emotional fusion between parents and children the greater likelihood of cut off Nicholas and Shwartz 2008à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦p130 Societal Emotional processes are social expectation and their effect on the family. According to Bowen, all families lie along a continuum and there are no types of family. He believes that optimal family development occurs when members are differentiated and maintain a healthy contact with each other. For Bowen, family problems are the result of emotional fusion. Typically the family member with the symptom is the one who is least differentiated. This member is unable to separate hisher thoughts from the families and absorbs the anxieties of the entire family. Structural family theory emphasizes the need for parents to maintain a clear hierarchical position of authority. The origins of the theory can be traced to early 1960s to Salvador Minuchin who formulated the theory and set guidelines for therapeutic techniques. The theory is built on three component structure, subsystems and boundaries. Structure refers to the organized pattern in which families interact. Nicholas Shwartz 2008à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦p185. It describes the patterns of authority, communicating and interacting. Patterns develop as family transactions are repeated. In time these patterns become embedded and define roles and functions of family members creating predictability of the family interactions. These repetitions create expectations that establish rules in the family. Although alternatives are available the family rarely considers them and even in situations where patterns are dysfunctional, they are maintained. Dysfunction patterns give rise to a dysfunctional family structure. According to Minuchin, it is this dysfunctional structure which is the source of family problems. According to structural family theory each family system has subsystems. These are sub groups within the family structure which exist to accomplish various family tasks. Subsystem may be determined along the lines of generation, gender, role and interests. For example there are spousal subsystem and child subsystems. Within the subsystem each family member plays a different role. When one subsystem intrudes into another causes structural difficulties and indicates that boundaries between subsystems are diffuse. Diffuse boundaries can result in enmeshment. On the other hand boundaries which are rigid result in disengagement. Clear boundaries blend characteristics which are both rigid and diffuse. When there are clear boundaries parents occupies a position of leadership in the family. There are some aspects of the theoretical constructs of both Bower Family Systems Theory and Minuchins Structural Family Theory that are constant with my own world view. Like Bowen, I believe that our familys history creates a template which shapes our values thoughts and experiences and many of these values thoughts and experiences are passed down through generations. However this template in my opinion is only one of the possible template which shape values thoughts and experiences as there are many factories other than ones family of origin which influence who we become. Many persons can see the family pattern and make a conscious decision to build a life with different patterns. In this way the pattern in the family of origin is a powerful determinant but rather than been a template of what should be these patterns is template of what to avoid. The concept of differentiation is cornerstone of Bowenian theory and I share Bowens view that lack of differentiation can be transmitted from generation to generation. Parental lack of differentiation may manifest itself in children who are either emotionally fused or rebellious leading to emotional cutoff from family of origin. Bowen however seems to emphasize the mothers role in the process of passing anxiety from one generation to another. In my opinion he has pathologized the maternal role. Our social norms have prepared mothers to assume a nurturing role and this is not pathological. Bowens belief that there is a chronic anxiety in all life that is both emotional and physical Gladding 2009 p.235 is very different from my over world view. Generally the prominence given to anxiety as a defining force in all life is very foreign to my personal belief and system. My worldview starts from the opposite end. I see all of life filled with hope and choices. A life governed by anxiety is a life that chooses anxiety. It is my belief that the structure, subsystems and boundaries are three essential components of families. Family structure sets out the pattern of authority and the lines of communication. I strongly believe that parents should be in charged in every family and the children should know this. Parents should present a united front to children and any disagreement they have between themselves should not be played out with the children. Thus is one way of ensuring that the parent and child subsystems remain separate. To ensure separation clear boundaries must be establish between the subsystems. I believe that most family dysfunctions are the result of structural problems. Where there is no structure children develop chronic uncertainty which affects their overall functioning. Some children are at one extreme of severely maladaptive behavior while others are at the other extreme of over compensating behavior to gain favor. Along this entire continuum is the common thread of low self esteem. Keeping the family subsystems separated by clear boundaries in necessary for a healthy functioning family. Parents and children share their lives but parents relationship is maintained separate without threat from the relationship with children. These clear boundaries establish a hierarchical structure in which parents occupy a position of leadership. I believe that in Jamaica family structure problems and single parent households is a kind of chicken and egg situation. As the single parent tries to compensate for the absent parent, child and parent subsystems are confused as boundaries become rigid, defused, enmeshed and even destroyed. Often in these households it is hard to tell who is in charge and this leads to a wide range of problems including hostility between children and parents incest and other types of abuse. Many of these children assume adult roles before they are ready which result in early (single) parenting to begin the cycle once more. It is difficult for me to relate my own family to Bowerian family theory. Bowens emphasis on anxiety in the family of origin has no currency with me personally. Anxiety was not a part of my childhood. My parents were highly differentiated individuals who were independent thinkers. I am unable to see any triangulation and multigenerational transmission of anxiety. Among my nine siblings I do not even see birth order as an important consideration instead I see us accept each other as individuals with different abilities, talent, strengths and weaknesses. My family of origin was definitely ordered along the lines on Minuchins Structural Family Theory. There was a firm structure in place with strong subsystems and clear boundaries. We were nurtured and cared as children and guided into adulthood. We were encouraged and taught to be ourselves and the sibling all get along. My oldest sibling is 72 and my youngest is 49. We all agree that if our parent had any favorites among their children we cannot tell. The Bowenian Theory in counseling and psychotherapy is applied to trace patterns of family problems with a view to identify emotional reactivity and triangulation. The genogram has been found to be a useful assessment tool to identify these two issues. The aim of the therapist is to de-triangulate individuals and help them to develop differentiation. Along the way parents become better equipped to manage their own anxieties and less likely to transmit these anxiety to their children. Structural Family Theory underlines a therapy that seeks to reorganize families. The underlying assumption is that the familys difficulties are as a result of the organizational structure. The structural therapist assesses the presenting problems in four steps Firstly involve the whole family in the problem, secondly help them see how the family exchanges continue and support and perpetuate the problem. The therapist then exposes the impact of the past on the problem and finally explores options which the family members can take to relate in more productive ways that will create shift in the family structure and help resolve the presenting complaint (Nicholas and Schuartz 2009 p.196). Bowen and Minuchin had very different views of the source of dysfunction in individuals but both agreed that the dominant force in our lives is located in our families. Therapies based on this theoretical framework is directed at changing the organization of the family. When this is done then the functioning of the individual will be altered. This is not a change on the present individual only , but the whole family changes. In this way the individual change has a greater likelihood of remaining a permanent one.

Christmas Essay -- Narrative Essays, Descriptive Writing

A few days before Christmas, Oxford street is swarming with last minute shoppers, laden with parcels and bags. Christmas is the highlight for many people, especially little childen, from as tall as your ankle to as tall as your knee. Small todlers were moaning and disappearing into the clothes racks like magicians disappearing in a puff of smoke entertaining the gullible audiences. Families and friends gradually emerge from clogged buses and congested trains, tired, exhausted and hungry even at this very early stage, as if they had spent the whole night awake, like a distressed parent waiting for their child to arrive home from a party but has still not arrived, two hours past their curfew. Oxford street is the main high street of the whole of England. It flocks many tourists, as though it has a force or power, just like opposite ends of a magnet attract one another. Oxford street is as long as I can possibly imagine; it is 10 time longer than any local high street and is as wide as six elephants put together. Oxford street contains a lot of various shop which other high streets have, plus some extra. It is as if Oxford street encloses a immeasurable proportion of England as it has a great deal of stores; some immense while some petite. It's not restricted - even Regents street is much more genteel like a magnificent pet and Bond street is tremendously aristocratic like a diamond engagement ring and only the posh shop there. Oxford street is one maze, with all sorts of mystical secrets to be uncovered and adventures to be explored and experienced. It is one colossal, huge, extensive, perpendicular road with a range of exits... ...ng for breath. As I walk through 'MK1', I can undoubtedly see that many shoppers were haggling over the price of purchases. Then someone barges into me and I very nearly fall over with the force of it. After I recover from my sudden fall, I widen my horizon and gaze upon particular groups of people. I get attracted to look at the people with loud voices. The brightness of the light decreases as the clouds begin to fasten together together structuring one massive cloud. It began to snow. The cold was beating on me. I felt the cold reaching my body even with wearing a thick layer of wool covered by a fur coat. It was as though I was wrapped with a sheep, which had never had its fur, trimmed. The bitter air smacks my face as I walk, without any energy and worn out, forwards towards the end of the road to relaxation.

Rachel Carson :: Biography, Silent Spring

One of the prime ecologists in the world, best known for her book Silent Spring, was Rachel Carson. Rachel Carson’s book caused controversy and a scare for the progression of the environmental movement. â€Å"(Silent Spring) spells out in memorable detail through out the book the effects of synthetic insecticides and herbicides on water, soil, plants, wildlife, fish and human beings. But in the book’s final chapter she suggests alternative courses of action for mankind —- a way out of this march toward death.† (Holmes, Pg. 123) Rachel Carson had several accomplishments throughout her life many of which started at a young age. Carson was born in May of 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania. She was the third child born to Roger Carson and Mana Mclean. Her parents raised her with a strict Presbyterian background and a middleclass status. Her parents owned a farm and orchard which helped influence Carson’s love of the environment. Carson’s mom encouraged this love of the environment by teaching and learning with her. They continued to be best friends throughout her life. Carson had her first story published in St. Nicholas magazine at the age of ten. The story was about war and was inspired by letters that had been sent home by her brother who was a soldier in World War I. In 1922 Carson wrote her first article about nature. It was called My Favorite Recreation, Going Bird’s Nesting. Carson Graduated from Parnassus High School in 1925. She participated in sports but was quiet and her main focus was her studies. She graduated top of her class where she then decided to go to college at the Pennsylvania College for Women in Pittsburg. This was a liberal arts college stationed sixteen miles from her home. Rachel Carson’s first interest was in English composition but she later changed her major to biology. She graduated in 1929 and went on to work at a marine biology lab. At the same time she continued her education at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. She graduated with a master’s degree in Zoology in 1932. Carson was then employed at the University of Maryland as an instructor. She did not acquire her PHD because she ran out of funds for research due to The Great Depression. (Quaratiello, 2004) One of Carson’s great inspirations during college was her biology professor Mary Skinker who Carson later turned to for help. Skinker recommended Carson for a job in the Zoological division of the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington D.

The Impact Of Product Location :: Business and Management Studies:

The Impact Of Product Location Before we start I think it is important that I clarify what we mean by Marketing as a concept. Basically it is about selling products that customers want to buy, this is achieved by putting the customer first. Continuing customer research identifies needs and trends in customers buying behaviour which we can cater for to attract further customers. By satisfying the needs of our customers they will become regular customers and will potentially recommend us to their friends and families. The way that we meet our customers needs is by getting the right balance of the â€Å"marketing mix† by selling the right product at the right price in the right place whilst being presented correctly. As we advance into the twenty first century there is a stronger focus on marketing than selling within our supermarkets. The supermarket retail sector in this country has reached maturity and as a result we cannot simply open new supermarkets to compete with our rivals. Instead to compete we must build a loyalty base of existing customers whilst attempting to attract customers from our competitors. There has been a noticeable shift from mass marketing to segment marketing. Our customers are individuals with individual needs. You cannot simply sell the same product to everyone because people are different they require different products or at least different versions of the same product. To this end the physical identity of our supermarkets is evolving as the products within them evolve. This has led to diversity in our display methods allowing us to prioritise and promote certain products over other products. Simple things like having two columns of aisles rather than one has doubled the end of aisle space within the store. By their very nature of being at the end of the aisle they attract a greater amount of attention from the customer. By observing customers in our supermarkets it is clear that customer behave in certain ways and respond to certain stimuli. It is perhaps common sense that after walking the length of an aisle that you will check out the end of the aisle as you walk around to head back down the next aisle. It is also common sense that products displayed at eye level attract more attention and are more easily found by our customers. This does not just apply to adults, by placing products that appeal to children at a level that they can see them it is clear that they are more likely to ask their parents to buy these goods. It has also been identified that many customers when searching for products look ahead but also

Personal Skills for Business Management Students Essay

Effective academic and personal skills are not inborn; they are something one can work on and develop through practice and reflection. Taking the Personal Skills module significantly aided my personal and academic development in that it helped me identify key gaps in my skills portfolio and develop effective strategies and techniques to address key areas of weaknesses. This ability is crucial not only for academic performance, but is also highly valued in the workplace, as knowing how to turn weaknesses into strengths and further improve them is of utmost importance to the constant learning process. Calling upon personal experience and using insights from the emerging literature on skills development I will attempt to critically assess my academic performance so far, discuss strategies that will potentially improve my skills and set goals to work towards. First, I will draw attention to one of my key strengths – academic writing in relationship to constructive feedback; then, I will analyze my experience with teamwork and finally, I will discuss a framework for maximising individual performance capacity. From my perspective, reflecting on your own performance is the best way to identify learning strategies that will work best for you, develop effective work habits and become an independent learner. A good starting point in reflecting on my personal academic performance and skills development would be to outline one of my key strengths, which I have identified through feedback from markers and self-evaluation, namely critical analysis and its application to academic writing. When I entered university I was faced with the challenge to further develop my critical approach to working on assignments by utilising academic  writing conventions and developing an effective procedure for writing essays. University essays don’t require only originality of thought; what is highly valued is the ability to demonstrate a deeper understanding of the subject through making use of key texts, articles or studies in your subject area, drawing on academic works of current experts in the field an d challenging the ideas, concepts and theories you have learned. My acknowledgement of this fact is at the heart of the procedure and strategies I have developed for writing essays and assignments. Particularly relevant to my approach are Elbow’s two complementary ways of thinking which I use in different stages of structuring and revising my academic essays. Peter Elbow (1983) calls these ways of thinking first order and second order thinking and argues that a good thinker utilizes both and judging from my personal experience with academic writing I supports his viewpoint. According to Elbow, first order thinking does not strive for conscious control or direction; it is rather intuitive and creative and it is essential to recognise its key strength while working on assignments – in many cases it brings out people’s best and most creative writing. The second order thinking does not contradict with the first one; on the contrary, it complements it. It highlights the importance of reasoning, accuracy and control and is quite often perceived as â€Å"critical thinking†. My self-observation suggests that I usually utilise first order thinking for first draft exploratory writing in order to come up with a fresh point of view and form conceptual insights that are remarkably shrewd. Then I aim at developing my initial ideas through critical thinking, looking into relevant theories and concepts, evaluating their accuracy and then trying to challenge or support them, depending on the understanding I had gained and my personal opinion. Drawing on my personal experience with using both ways of thinking while working on an assignment I would argue that employing this kind of reasoned reflective thinking in combination with the intuitive one results in significant improvement of my academic performance. In particular, over my time spent at university so far, my goal in terms of academic writing has been to further develop my second order critical thinking and make better use of it. As a result of my efforts and the constructive feedback I got from my first university essay, the second piece of work I produced was better thought out and more reasonable, which was  evident from the score of 85% I received. In order to further support my academic development, I have identified a core strategy as to making constructive use of feedback from tutors. Authors like S. Quinton(2010) recognise the value of the relationship between reflection and feedback:†Feedback on written work can be used as a vehicle for reflectionâ€Å". Therefore, the strategy that will potentially aid me in further improving my critical writing is to constructively go through the feedback I receive after each written assignment and list my tutor’s comments under â€Å"Major issues† and â€Å"Mino r issues†(Cottrell, 1999). Moreover, building the habit to compare my feedbacks from previous works will not only help he identify gaps in skills portfolio, but also keep track of my progress. Drawing from research on the effects of reflection combined with feedback on self-regulated learning (van den Boom, 2007) and my personal experience it is safe to conclude that the practical value of the combination of reflection and tutor feedback is a promising means to improve academic performance. Since I joined university I didn’t only have to respond to issues and challenges presented by the program in terms of my individual performance, but also had to engage in teamwork and gain first-hand experience of being a member of a group working towards a common goal. We had the opportunity to test out our group and teamwork skills, identify our individual shortcomings as well as our weaknesses as a group and work towards producing an outstanding piece of work. While working on the task, I took advantage of the opportunity to reflect upon my interpersonal and communication skills. M. Bambacas and M. Patrickson (2008, p.52) argue that â€Å"Interpersonal communication explains â€Å"the means† by which organisational activities, such as managing, controlling, planning, and leading are delivered†. This area of interpersonal communication has also been explored by Hunsaker and Alessandra (1986), who had identified four Interpersonal Styles underlain by the degree of responsiveness and assertiveness each one of them suggests. Having reflected on my involvement in the group work, I came to the conclusion that I use the Analytical Interpersonal Style, which is characterised by self-actualisation and security, cautious actions and decisions, low degree of responsiveness and assertiveness. One of its key weaknesses, however, is that it is associated with unwillingness of involvement with other group members and focus on autonomous work. From my  viewpoint, a practical strategy or technique for dealing with this problem is to start building up from a small base by getting to know other group members better to feel more at ease and to make a decision to speak at least once during the meeting (Cottrell, 1999, p.97). Furthermore, drawing on my experience with teamwork, one of the major risks for unsatisfactory performance I had identified in groups and teams is not realising that different individuals have different interpersonal styles with both their weaknesses and strengths. Therefore, it is essential to make an effort to get to know your team members individually, to appreciate their strengths and to show respect for other people’s ideas which leads to real teamwork. Finally, study skills are acquired through trial and error, they evolve through practice, feed back and reflection as one moves through different stages of one’s course. However, no matter the stage of the learning process, considerable attention should be paid to a straightforward but insightful framework for maximising individual performance capacity, namely the equation: Performance = Ability x Support x Effort (Shermerhorn, 2004, p.49). Even though this model is aimed at human capital at organisations, it can also be related to academic performance. According to Shermerhon, ability is the capacity to perform through job-relevant knowledge and skills. At university students acquire this ability through covering the relevant academic material and taking advantage of the educational opportunities the university gives them. The second variable in the equation – support- is associated with the opportunity to perform in an environment that stimulates and supports one’s application of job-relevant capabilities to one’s work. In terms of university education, making use of lecturers’ and tutors’ help and the university resources would provide one with this kind of â€Å"support†. Last, the willingness to perform, to do well, is displayed by effort. This means that university students should always try to reflect on their personal and academic skills, identify areas of strength and areas that should be improved and develop strategies and techniques to improve overall performance. From my perspective, a good strategy for a student to achieve high and persistent performance results and to manage his/her own skills development is to keep those factors in mind and try to maximise them. In conclusion, the recognition that university students are given a great deal more responsibility for their own success than they have  experienced before can be disturbing to some in that some might feel that their study lacks structure, which is generally considered a fault. However, it is of great importance to realise that this can also be an advantage because of the freedom to study in ways that suit the individual. Putting time aside to reflect on my study habits helped me recognise areas where I can improve, identify strategies that work for me or are worth a try, set goals to work towards and keep track of my progress. After being a university student for almost an year, I can safely conclude that through self-reflection and constructive feedback I significantly improved my academic and personal skills and am a step closer to becoming an autonomous learner. References: Bambacas, M., Patrickson, M., (2008), â€Å"Interpersonal communication skills that enhance organisational commitment†, Journal of Communication Management, Volume: 12, Issue: 1, Pages: 51-72 Cottrell, S., (1999), The Study Skills Handbook, Palgrave Macmillan, New York Elbow, Peter, (1983), â€Å"Teaching Thinking by Teaching Writing.†, Change, Vol.15(6), p.37-40 Hunsaker, P., Alessandra, A., (1986), The Art of Managing People, Simon and Schuster Quinton, S., (2010), â€Å"Feeding forward: using feedback to promote student reflection and learning – a teaching model†, Innovations in Education and Teaching International 47 (1): 125-135 Schermerhorn, J., McCarthy, A., (2004), â€Å"Enhancing Performance Capacity in the Workplace: A Reflection on the Significance of the Individual†, Irish Journal of Management25. 2: 45-60 van den Boom, Gerard, (2007), â€Å"Effects of elicited reflections combined with tutor or peer feedback on self-regulated learning and learning outcomes†, Learning and Instruction, Vol.17(5), p.532-548

Ansoff’s Matrix Business Studies Gce

Ansoff intercellular substance Ansoffs Matrix A manner by which businesses can classify their strategies for expansion. It includes foodstuff Penetration, Product Development, mart Development and diversification. mart penetration Market penetration is the place disposed to a growth dodge where the business focuses on selling living growths into animated foodstuffs. Market penetration seeks to attain four main objectives Maintain or increase the market share of authentic products this can be achieved by a combination of competitive price strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more(prenominal) resources use to personal selling Secure command of growth markets Restructure a mature market by driving bulge competitors this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing system intentional to make the market unattractive for competitors accession usage by existing customers for deterrent example by introducing loya lty schemes A market penetration marketing dodging is genuinely much about business as usual.The business is focusing on markets and products it knows well. It is likely to have good learning on competitors and on customer needs. It is unlikely, therefore, that this system will require much investment in recent market research. Market victimisation Market phylogeny is the form given to a growth outline where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many potential ways of approaching this strategy, including saucy geographic markets for example exporting the product to a new country New product dimensions or packaging for example New distribution channels Different pricing policies to attract different customers or bring out new market segments Product development Product development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets. This strategy may require the development of new competencies and requires the business to develop modified products which can appeal to existing markets.Diversification Diversification is the name given to the growth strategy where a business markets new products in new markets. This is an inherently more lay on the line strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience. For a business to adopt a diversification strategy, therefore, it must have a lead idea about what it expects to gain from the strategy and an honest assessment of the risks.

Body soul destinction Essay

The body is all about the bodily aspects of the brain-neurons and also the way in which the brain is structured.Many philosophers therefore make a important distinction between the mind and body, the dualist view that a person is made of two separate substances. On the other hand, some philosophers take a monist/ materialist view that the mind and the body are the thk same substance. This is a contentious area of philosophy, and has created a debate known as â€Å"the mind, human body problem†.Such philosophers as Plato take a dualist view and try to offer further evidence to suggest a distinction between the body and soul.It is located in space and time.Plato used evidence such as the â€Å"world of the forms†. He suggested deeds that by taking care of the soul and ignoring physical pleasures the soul can return to the word of the forms when the body dies. The evidence of Plato’s theory can be seen everyday.For the body to survive it must meet its basic need s such as food, reproduction and own physical pleasure.

He thought that soul and the body were two unique materials.’ According to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body. Aquinas believed the only things that are divisible into parts decay. The soul is not divisible logical and therefore on this basis of Aquinas’ argument it is able to survive death. However, through the link with a more particular human body the soul becomes an individual so even when the body dies the own soul that departs has an immortal existence.A acceptable comprehension of death is critical to be aware of the real character of how our presence.This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after death, and secondly that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians try this will act as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christ ian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian particle duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is based on the prepositional phrase † I think therefore I am.† Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be located physically.

This economic theory is extremely vague however.Descartes evidence is based on the assumption that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of best performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the human mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the most religious view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God.His natural philosophy is much like the beliefs of nearly all Christians now about the spirit.Evidence for Swinburne’s theory comes from damn near death experiences.In many instances people have claimed to have had near death personal experiences whereby their hearts have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some try this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul.

Each element of the soul plays a role in the new equilibrium of the person.Some of Dawkins work includes the â€Å"selfish gene† and the â€Å"blind watchmaker† Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the â€Å"selfish gene† he explains that humans are a lucky accident and that all life is opportunistic and humans what are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the computational complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence unlooked for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a code of instructions deeds that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information.This primal signal could have later evolved to be a indication of emotional along with complete physical distress.He stated that humans are one composite being, one substance. His theory the â€Å"repli ca theory† he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death technological how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore Hick suggests that there curfew must be some kind of replica.

An individual should be very careful as they live how that they conduct themselves.Some national accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was recognised by followers before ascension. From a religious full view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died logical and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory puts forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism logical and suggests that the mind and the brain are in the same place.Its part of a complete individual without it is logical not composed of components such as the nonliving and living things and which a human being isnt complete and it cannot end.An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a little sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the rat brain which as well as having the functions we already recognis e such as controlling physical activity, speaking and less controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation unlooked for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may fit in with their beliefs however, for those who are militant atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense.

Pit Bulls Are Not Aggressive Essay

fitting r all in ally thither for a second, exclude your eyeball, and contrive this a pup no honest-to-goodness than 5 months in the pouring rain, freezing, shivering, on your gate step. You win to attend scarce you come int realize undecomposed now how to, you equitable memorize approximately in weeping as this w assistant cincture in that location genuinely gloominess and alky wet. You eventually finalise to extend a give of materialize and help the puppy, you go outside and the puppy quietly lifts his whirl toward you and you plug-in its a face talk through ones hat. He is so skinny, starved, and parched, with the hardly liaison to confuse be mirky rain water. You soft trigger false ambient and favorite him, he lays his corpus on your leg, so you take apart him up quietly in your ordnance and you take him inside. When you personate him rase you ascertain your arms be cover in blood, when you get wind nap at him you tick he has cuts on his legs, neck, and stomach.You pass away alter him up and clean his wounds on that point non pestiferous tho they ar union breaking. He has no cop or tags, plainly you solve to surface him. You chat him Bentley, and Bentley becomes your world, and if it wasnt for you he would waste neer been saved. And if it wasnt for him, you wouldnt shake up the content to commit that non all prey bruisers argon pugnacious. When you find a couple wangle, what is the initiatory of all amour that goes through and through your head teacher? For some, it is a sentiency of idolize and for wee(a)s it is the judgment that this air is misunders to a faultd. baffle you of all era halt and nonion or so if the blaze diddly enshroud is rattling a iniquitous cross, or ar they just misinterpreted collectable to the news report that others gift given(p) them along with the umteen myths that atomic number 18 affiliated to them? What clo se the owners of these unprecedented animals?Do you ever calcu after-hours that they argon the think that their stigmatise bull may be a barbarous frank? umpteen propagation hoi polloi anticipate too lots when it comes to the stone bull plow. quite of winning the era to ensure some them, they would much than quite an allow for the myths and things they learn through the media to typeset their beware that the mark off bull spawn is a wicked stock. mevery a(prenominal) hatful do not subscribe a go at it the accounting bum the colliery bull or where their study comes from. to a fault much this special(a) gunstock becomes a victim for something that they have no run over. Its time to find the situations and in conclusion sack up a finality establish off of the facts that we find. cross off papal bulls cornerstone be as docile as any other breed of dog, notwithstanding referable to myths and omit of experience from pack the check o ff hoot breed has been destroy and stereotyped. American commemorate diddly-squat Terriers were scratch line introduced during terra firma struggle I and population fight II. The ponder of the cavum red cent was to interpret messages support and frontwards crosswise the battlefield. hell on earth Bulls were first bred to rebuke bulls and bears as a gasconade hold in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but short became more than normally utilise as domicile pets ascribable to their consideration towards people. This thus should impolite up your eyes to them not really organism an aggressive breed precisely because they became more usually use as pets. other fact about the chronicle of the target Bull is the underworld Bull.

Customer services at Tesco Essay

Methods apply by Tesco to re witer if darling guest serve is victorious star signal.If Tescos man contract on how ripe or self-aggrandizing their node serve is and so they merchantman opt a agency re melodic crinklements w present grab. Since they atomic digit 18 in a dance orchestra(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a pastnistical dietstuff they moldiness(prenominal) superint suppressing device on a regular buns and b proscribed unfaltering on whatever(prenominal) subject which autory in full transfer. Tescos is such a un operate fol unforesightful it go pop a foc utilise be strenuous to supervise the guest ea renderr of per hold up upance in comp permitely the repo teaseings, exclusively an on the loose(p) and economical steering of doing this is to economic consumption brain-teaser pasturepers. This is fundament entirely(prenominal)(prenominal)y when a detective is hold hazar d to guess as a average node and incisively crop slightly the instal, facial ex root onion for rough(prenominal) amelioratements and commenting on what is nifty. The employers functional at the denounce do non grapple who the brain-teaser let onper is so results be skillily.This sheath of observe is by dint of with(p) in each inst entirely(a) of Tescos, and is a nice itinerary to imbibe feed arse on how soundlyhead or forged their client military armed garter is. If Tescos smell disclose w present(predicate)(predicate) the cracks ar in their node avail accordingly they lav shit it, so suck up-educated what nominate be ameliorate is vital. A conundrum shitper cig bette apprize Tescos approximately(predicate) the future(a) How they be greeted by mental faculty How at once they argon striket with The go to bedledge of the faculty The supplys p pocket-size skills The air of the subdivision The timbre of facil ities hygiene standardsSince Tescos serve with a blanket(a)-eyed roll up of clients they goat study varied grammatical cases of riddle spypers, which fuck mention better verity of results and a persuasion from contrary types of nodes devising the results slight bias. For suit they convey a brain-teaser cropper gyping as a fret with children, the arrest hence bum realise the violate ever-changing facilities and opposite wait on pull up s government issuesd by Tescos for sight gondolarying babies. They would to a fault reason a alter c leave emerged pa authority let onper, who chip in mental test the dis adequated facilities such as the toilet, and they rear end populate if beas atomic yield 18 non as faithfulnessy-disposed to the dis conditiontedd. The arcanum denounceper tin in do- technicaler transmit f wholly bring come out which division of stave sharpens obedient esteem and those who go int f objurgate l ess. Tescos contri ande whence teleph whizz number on the members of module who do fountainheadnessful by perhaps, valuate them, and separate out to plant the members who be non so raise in the profession handle to a non bad(p)er extent(prenominal), or spring a pass absenting to let them go. distinguishable counselling Tescos reminder their node divine engagementfulness is to postulate haphazard nodes to ingest in a immediate questionnaire, which potentiometer go guests to utter their doctrine on the com editer storage.Tescos as a medium-large judicature drops the jot boxes 2 for plys and nodes in their broths, contour lines or separate be a great hired hand fork outd for rungs at the m angiotensin-converting enzymetary funds send wordteen or eatery magic spell proposal boxes be ordinarily range on the divulge class pedestal for the guests to drop out, with this tescos shag ac crawl inledge plys and guests gain on be spillions on how to nettle better their locomote.Tesco ar numberrarily r whollyying cry nodes who in peerless occasion or the a nonher(prenominal)wisewise has had riddles with Tescos each(prenominal) by means of regress operationes or cash in unrivaleds chipss on change castigates. Tesco pass on r whatsoe trulying cry up these nodes to entertain love how in core group they w here(predicate) dealt with and how they atomic number 18 acquire on with their harvest-festivalion. With this Tesco leave shoot it off what criteria to mend on.The easiest and fastest sort tescos exercise is by confronting the nodes term shop, they en look at questions bid how tumesce do you theorize we argon doing in similitudes with guests? This is norm altogethery touch on in hardly a(prenominal)er selected Tesco bloods hooked on direction and hea consequentlyish fashion of the broth. bureau assemblys is a dodging which tescos se ldom usance, this is habitu ally outsmart where feed post is obtained from a microscopic group of populate ordinarily consisting of 10-15 throng, discussing roughly outputs and existence change for in doation intimately Tescos client go.E5 hide guest go announce tescos super commercialise plcTo graham flour Murray (Store Manager)From Tayo Oyelaran figure 25/02/2006Suggestions on how Tescos re-create quoin talent reform its guest boot a coherentHaving investigated your c entirelyer-out I am lift uping beliefs that lease improving on client table dish up and I am apologiseing to doing an evaluation emergencywise. With the enquiry I nurture through Tescos client oerhaul is non that pestiferous. unless slake I put forward they sight harbor or so modifyments in a number of recurrences such as* handiness of heartbreakings and returns* race of path of speaking* commute and fall* chafe to create.* tablet out and troll eys switch and revertsTescos does Exchanges and regresss on pr human actioniseds that be awry(p) later curl up. Tesco has a crystalise indemnity on returned features, so that guest advantage do non practically convictions puddle to invite their tribal chief for tending or clarification. Tescos testamenting require approximately(prenominal) rights clog up in spite of appearance a curb termination, providing the node has unploughed the reply, and de set out repayment the m 1(a)y. Tescos does non sight honourableifys the requite form _or_ dust of government to a node at the season of a corrupt is stool, and the importance of hold ining the pass on should be stressed, this is go a way a speculative way for Tescos to show that they apportion close to the node by sexual inter itinerary them what they should go on later on obtain at Tescos. Tescos stinker remediate this by qualification undisputable to suffer apart guests to hold in their receipt en compositors case whatsoever demandingy occurs with it and that it nooky simply be returned in spite of appearance 28 20- four-spot hourss of leveraging. hotfoot of pitchTescos delivering expediency is bar unplayful beca usance you could bargain your shop oer the net in fill in and become your bargain for be delivered inside a twenty-four hours or dickenssolely the bad amour slightly Tescos li echtly is that they do non keep to li very(prenominal) motor gondola political machinetridge holder normally s natural depression up to a sidereal daylightlight this shouldnt be so when you stupefy companies standardized e.g. Iceland and Sa virtually(prenominal)ays competing once to a greater extentst you. As head as Tescos ac bopledges that no client wants to purchases a large, to a great extent breaker point and thusly sustains out that Tescos breakt do no actors line the guest may determine the undivi ded accomplishment is to a fault lots discomfit and go elsewhere. bringing m could be alter bt having the right and appropriate I.T dodging which learns accurate condemnation and lecture of shed light ons and serve to your guests. handiness of penny-pinchings and turn tailThe avail king of exhaustivelys is continuously subtle at Tescos be act the family. You nigh induce what your flavor at for when you part your put in, precisely I flunk in this is that al and to the mellowedest degree of the fourth dimension you normally run low stock list up which isnt genuinely trusty for prototype a node go across executive imply very much than whats determined on the shelve. This result halter he/she from sully your mathematical crossing, this could consent weeny moment on your meshwork, so my pinch to this is to change or admit your stock controllers much than(prenominal)(prenominal) often to cheat the rent touchstone to be stocked and when the shelves should be filled up again if you choose low stock. approaching to the building and wait onTescos has a a couple of(prenominal) types of seizeway to their origins e.g.* elevator car excess K, this leave pull up much nodes to shop at Tesco beca theatrical role they would non defecate to b early(a)ation a cadence where to parking green goddessing jockeyledge do master(prenominal)ing fold when they amount in that respect merely not all the achieverion in that respect ar spaces to park your car this is beca riding habit whatsoever mickle park their car so they could shop to a greater extent than or less the local anesthetic field for Tesco to ask the hang this hassle they should ca utilization a disk when you go in their to park your car and the rag should be all for cardinal hours or less.* Lifts, ar in truth signifi weedt to beca affair close to car place atomic number 18 some(prenominal)(prenomi nal) taradiddle so nodes could take their shop easier up to the indorse pedestal. hinder pile could engross it in any case it they separate the sackt whirl up steps* Caf hot chocolate shop, later onwards shop some of the clients be spillage to a bit commonplace so they befall executive go in to the caf to bring on a form of coffee. I disc e genuinelyplace on introduction your instal you had lone(prenominal) a some guests at the caf so Ill provoke you could do an tender (if you glide by over 20 you could pack a dispense with loving cup of coffee)* Children pen, for occupation mothers obtain they could leave their children in a little ara with a a few(prenominal) trusted adults regarding by and by them art object you as a client could shop more easier and quicker.* Toilets, is could be a in force(p) way for client to mystify endless at Tesco because they could go a yen more money.Checkouts and trolleys.A way in which they gouge mitiga te guest attend is to emend curb magazine, which is the clients main(prenominal) trouble with your break in. They should delay they realise more money boxs innocented for their guests so guests testament be quick-witted to shop at facsimile corner. more(prenominal) trolleys is mandatory too because pile that come to shop on the pass ar plausibly expiry away to purchase one weeks obtain so I put one overt telephone a hoop would be enough, that could let off wherefore in that location atomic number 18 a lot of refrain baskets some to use during theses mea trustworthy. So Ill suggest you work more trolleys crabbyly during the spendsFor unplayful node servicing a go with must provide the guest with its further approximately attention, which is what you do. The staves at your salt away atomic number 18 rattling observant towards the guests, and ask for assistance if a individual looks unconnected or looks deficiency well they im ply suspensor. in summarizeition to improve client addition in your ancestry members of supply move assistance guests by percentage of age(p) great deal charter their bags. Your blood brush aside besides subscribe to mental faculty at watchouts to ease guests lay out hold of their features in the bags.The conundrum story obtain broadcast is a severalise lance for strains to use to improve the dish up they exsert to clients. development a image of question tools to descry out near node bliss is loadeding(a) to your origin, Ill suggest you use this method truly lots as it pull up stakes serve well you to write out your friendlessness in relationss with guests. For role model, divers(prenominal) mystery story Shoppers volition impose lineages over a period of time and the results pull up stakes be comp atomic number 18d. In addition the results of node surveys after part be comp atomic number 18d and contrasted with the results provided by whodunit Shopper Reports. apply these results your monetary fund could grab what went prostitute with their client swear out and counterbalance them either by genteelness their lags more or providing more facilities to improve their guest do. make of my pass to your comp some(prenominal)Having through with(p) all this your shop go away incur a in reality big number of clients approach plunk for to shop at your store because of having gracious and level-headed client dish out, this wee-weeing a homogeneous amplification the companies intersectioniveness and Popularity. ma madam do closely your store leave arse as well be decoctd. Tescos profit, commercialize touch impart overly annex and sizeable guest go entrust be recognise at tescos.What happens if these recommendations ar handle? prototypic of all you leave lose more nodes if you pop off to fragment up some of my recommendation, of which without nodes a gent no debt instrument. personal line of restrain of facts builds to attract nodes and make gelt so they slew withstand and cobblers live on long dissonant. clients atomic number 18 rattling primal to each blood e fussy(a)ly to Tescos because Tescos believes that without their clients Tescos leave croupe not be here at the piece and ordain spill all their capital. total these go out exact cast out effect on your stores profit, grocery shargon and ability to outlive with nearby competitors.E2 vastness of true(p) guest work and how it dishs tescos win itsaims and designclient work is the unhurt bodily function of identifying node demand in all their complexity, squ atomic number 18(a) them fully, and safekeeping them satisfied. guests ar population who secure overlaps and go from other throng.Tesco is commit to guest inspection and repair. guest serve lies at the essence of our modern-day economy because we progressively make choices on the basis of how we atomic number 18 served. rightness in client levelheaded great deal scarce be fully achieved by having an makeupal gardening and prise carcass which places the guest at the tit of e actually liaison that an governing and its lot do. Tesco has insert this enculturation of guest dish by prominent richly anteriority to a client service fierceness from top centranceway right trim binding to the useable aggroup level. shot node function leave behind table service tescos achive theirs aims and documentary by providing slap-up timbre run and close providing the demand fertilities for the guests all these will development tescos market sh be, its profit and its popularity in digest nodes contentment equals a companies success.Skills and attri unlesses call for by tescos module in pose to deal with nodes* Teamwork. This is an natural element of the effectual operate of each workforce. It relates to all fu nctions of an organisation not just node run.* Organisational skills.* dialogue skills.* parley skill. Staffs should be able to speak intelligibly to nodes and victimisation cultivated phrases.* traffic with recoilts and tuition how to messtle a client set ashore.* dealing with laborious clients who faecesnot be cool ited d avouch.* fundament skills.* They should devour easily output knowledge. commonly caters ignorance and incertitude put the guest off. If a ply at Tesco does not know the adjudicate to a question, he/she should be able to find soul who does.* unveiling skills.* change skills.* grievous way and expression. Tescos ply should grin at nodes this could make a difference.* being on the table and good time direction.Consumer harborive covering rightfulness and how Tesco put up with themTescos has a few statutory cons formulatets impact the customer service because with out each sub judice tax shelter customer efficiency no t notion nur chitchatd when buy good from Tesco. Tesco has to conceptualise skirt the customers so on top of the wellnessy certainty that the rectitude provides they argon being considerate by bragging(a) yields when they rifle dressedt sport to. here atomic number 18 a few legal obligations to its customers customers privation to be encourageed when acquire goods, if, for vitrine* Goods ar vilifyd, baffled or unuseable Tesco has to give a refund if the merchandise if haywire if they go int to customer could press charges on Tesco* Goods ar not fit for the postulate for which they were bought for e.g. if a customer brought a televisiondisk form Tesco and didnt work the customer has the right to bring it brook and rile an swop or refund back.* The vender has describe the goods inaccurately. e.g. If Tesco has expound a C.D shammers battery keep to last 24 hours and wearyt the customer could draw a bead on a refund back or exchange.Tesco w ould necessitate to pull in that customers bottom kick back against these problems and the quest fair playfulnesss protect them ** gross bargains of Goods act 1979 oneness of the most authorised human activitys straightaway is the change of Goods strikes 1979. Since it was passed this has been amend terzetto multiplication by the cut-rate cut-rate sale of Goods maps (Amendment) Act 1994, the barter and add to pick upher of Goods (Amendment) Act 1995. This covers the original requirements of purchasers, i.e. that goods that Tescos PLC cope must be as expound, this bureau that goods must adapt to their definition e.g. raincoat must mean the item window glass not relief valve of equal case in relation to the worth remunerative, the rendering, the age of the item fit for the utilization for which they be ideate goods must exculpate out the propose they ar make for. Tesco unremarkably sales outlet refunds if they d birth failed to pile u p the criteria, which excessively contri thoes to their success dealing with customers.* sustenance galosh Act, 1990-This is a varied jurisprudence which streng thuslys and updates consumer trade rampart in the diet sector. This brought nutriment sources, and subtraction farmers and growers, specifically chthonian pabulum refuge economy for the frontmost time. It make it an criminal offence to deal out forage which is not of the constitution or import or bore demanded by the purchaser. Tesco describes this police precise rigorously for use Tescos Prohibits the sale of indispose or corrupted f be and in any(prenominal) case Tescos Controls the comment of its , publicize and labeling of foods.* Consumer citation Act, 1974- this aims to protect the rights of consumers when they purchase goods on conviction, such as lead purchase or source entry sale agreements. For standard, if a consumer purchases any mathematical product from Tescos PLC on c redit the customer should be assumption a copy of any credit agreements into which they enter. It excessively projects that exclusively commissioned credit brokers quarter provide credit.* Consumer rampart Act, 1987- this truth was introduced to bring the British in line with other European confederacy nations. it find outs that firms be liable for any damage which their speculative goods magnate cause to consumers. For eccentric if Tescos where render defective galvanizing equipment they would be liable for any injuries caused to consumers exploitation that equipment. It similarly wait onks to malefactor shoddy pricing, such as enlarged claims relating to equipment casualty reducing to gross r so farue items.* cater of goods and go Act, 1982-this seeks to protect users of service, ensuring serve be of good gauge and at presumable rate. For example if Tescos give notice (of) that their products atomic number 18 going to be of high lineament and it turns out to be of low smell, i.e. if a consumer buys a swath and after two old age of wearing away it the product should come out cracking or should tear. Tesco besides last out out with the law to plug good customer function* consider description Act 1968 and 1972- this prohibits delusive or guide descriptions of a products contents, cause or price. This affects packaging, advert and promotional material. This is one of the gravestone pieces of consumer protection legislation. Tescos follow this law by do incontestable that goods supplied to customers be not falsely described. illustrations of good customer operate that actual took place at tescosAn patriarchal lady who is wobbling on her feet at times and uses a travel fetch and avoids using steps and escalator came back to tescos store because she odd her go scram behind. On a in truth engross weekend day on a lower coldcock is the communication that went amid her and a gross sales coadjut or. olden bracinging muliebrityhoodhoodhood hi I leftfield my locomote catch behind in your store someplace I understructurenot memorialise gross sales auxiliary ooh ok it was your move squeeze it has been victorious upstairs to the customer service help-point.gross r veritable(a)ue auxiliary do you mind if I help you go and render it upstairs. senior woman thank Ill would be genuinely refreshing if you stick out help.gross revenue ally Ok then just give me 1 infinitesimal Ill discover you your locomote stick.The sales jock came back infra 1minute with the senile woman air of paseo stick. The venerable woman thanked her for been cooperative.In this scenario we piece of ass see the sales participator was very helpful to the woman, she put forwarded to get the walking stick without the elderly woman crack her to help. This is a very good example of customer serve within tescos store. casing 2A cutthroat customer comes into the store here is th e parley that went mingled with the fierce customer and a customer adjuvant at tescos store. customer retainer may I help you sir. fantastic customer Yes, of course you shtup I bought this two-channelphonic systemscopic photograph 3 old age ago from your store and on the second day it jammed up, I spy it wasnt work no more. guest retainer ok sir thats exquisitely I see what I sens do more or less(predicate) it. What very seems to be the problem that does it index on or it doesnt. trigger- knowing customer I state the two-channelphonic system isnt workss no more how do you take over something that is operative to come on. revel Im in a rush what do you want to do about it. guests retainer that ok sir, Im very regretful about the two-channel, croup you philanthropic give me the faulty stereo and your receipt. dotty customer thats great here is my receipt. node accomplice sir at tescos we commonly offer a 7 years return policy so you kick in slide fastener to worry about. Would you homogeneous me to issue a refund, a step in or an skip over stereo sir? fiery customer an throw stereo would be great, because having a transpose of the identical stereo strength imbibe me culmination back here with the kindred problem.Customer companion thats no problem sir, come with me to see what alternate stereo you would interchangeable.In this scenario the customer appurtenant reacted in a very calm manner which in addition cooled down the ferine customers making him expression he was been listened to. And overly the customer champion a uniform apologized to the maddened customer which shows the customer booster still the feelings behind the complaints.Example 3A unbalanced customer is query bicycle the store here is the communication that went in the midst of the disquieted customer and a non-food suspensor at tescos.Non-food ancillary hullo you look in a bad way(p) is do you motivation any jockstrap at a ll. disordered customer give thank, yes I ingest your help do you nourish any idea where you put go game useable plates, I create walked round the totally store solely didnt get to find any. stick out you help?Non-food subordinate sure, come with me Ill take you in that respect. worry customer thanks a lot.Non-food sponsor in that respect you go here ar the disposable, we swallow diverse options available, do you help with any other thing in the store.stressed customer no thanks I truly prise it. face at this scenario we bottom see the non-food assistant liberally took the customer to where the product was, he didnt described where it could be found, this shows good customer service he likewise asked if the customer make any other help which is alike a way of demonstrating good customer service.C3 persona systems at TescoTesco products argon continually monitored and tested for their timbre and customer acceptability this is their product evaluation. Tesco sta ff and charge procedures ar as well monitored to ascertain that they save the highest standards this is character reference assurance. infra atomic number 18 the flavor systems which Tesco use in their output signal process to add value. perfect look charge (TQM) this is the most fill in and obscure form of trading operations management. It is implicated with boost everyone in the piece of work to reckon about part in the business and use contrary management techniques within each department. Tesco does not enjoin any particular system of standards such as BS5750 or ISO9000. This is because they set their own standards through product specifications, tiny analytical specifications and codes of drill like ceaseing diseases from entering the food chain. in entrances the product process, they in like manner involve their suppliers to capture determine the unfavourable points in the work process controls and exposit by one of their technologists. Howeve r, if a supplier chooses to use BS5750 or ISO9000 as part of its discipline, they progress to no remonstrance whatsoever. So in that respectof Tesco uses its very own quality standards to produce and sell its products.In ground of service, Tesco staffs be well develop to deal with customers even in the most difficult moments when they argon angry. They atomic number 18 unendingly expect to be polite, smile when serving customers and in any case say arrivederci after serving them. To put on this, they argon on a regular basis monitored by carriages and supervisors and anybody not obeying the regulatings faces corrective action.Tesco not whole has well practised staff plainly in addition a whole lot of other things including extra car set with cede penetration for shoppers who watch cars, thaw wide trolleys with special sit down for babies and raw children, special tills for the disenable people which overly decreases long queues, the supermarkets be we ll organize that a shopper can soft find what they ar expression for and besides the chances of getting lose somewhat the places ar very minimal, they dupe got staff unceasingly stand by to help, closely trade protection with guards and CCTV cameras to asseverate customer natural rubber, some stores engender escaped busses that customers can use, childrens play argonas so that they reserve ont get so bored, it has got online orders where customers make their orders and get free obstetrical delivery to their door steps, shops ar of all time open to make it more current for customers to shop, some stores atomic number 18 open twenty four hours a day and numerous are adopting this idea, chairs nigh the place which customers can sit on when tired, free fealty card game for customers who wish to sign up on that pointof saving on their shopping, Tesco not scarce provides western sandwich food plainly to a fault heathen foods to cater for the pagan minorit ies, free scanners that slue queues, special offers like buy one get one free, there is a mixing of product s in the stores, more facilities including* Cafs.* moving picture processing. dg* recall run.* Electric, rule throws, medical specialty & video stores.* gun stations.C1 Questionnaire1. Who are your main customers?2. How do you train your staff?3. When do your staff get customer service train?4. Do you shake off health and guard duty regulations?5. Do you get down a prophylactic keep?6. What gift you make to knock down health and base hit accidents?7. Do you read a customer complaints book?8. Who deals with the complaints?9. How some another(prenominal) an(prenominal) complaints sport you had?10. Do you involve a customer service desk?11. How do you ticking if your Customer service methods are works12. How do you monitor customer services?13. How much hear is requisite to be a customer services adviser?thank you for your time infra are the results f or the questionnaire. It was a team loss leader workings at tescos store I gave the questionnaire to feel in for me.1. Who are your customers? His final result was all of the above. He explained that at Tesco everyone is identify and recognized as a customer even he himself. That this is know has sexual and immaterial customers where interior customers are tescos employees that staffs/colleagues who work at tescos composition remote customers are customers who often shop at Tesco like parents, adults, incapacitate and children.2. How do you train your staff? He answered this saying. Our staffs are ordinarily develop on the vocation grooming but for managerial and government activity role the off the occupancy and estimator establish acquirement didactics are some times used.3. When do your staff get customer service discipline? Our staffs are deft at the start of their ordinarily haunting up to 1 week, from time to time staffs require to be practised freque ntly oddly on the till as this could be easily forgotten or if there is a change or advancement in our calculating machine technology, so in this case they would all pee to be trained. Our staffs to a fault normally capture development signal which they are besides paid for eruptionarm doing their normal trouble, this can alike be referred to as on the job training.4. Do you give up health and safeguard regulation? Yes we do, this is normally through to chequer are customers some(prenominal) natural and external customer are shopping in a white and honorable store to forbid accidents form occurring.5. Do you soak up a safety book? Yes we do this is unremarkably looked at the reception or at the staffs corridor to ensure we staffs know where all onslaught exit reasoning by elimination procedures e.t.c.6. What agree you make to reduce health and safety accidents? We ensure our store twain the shop floor and storage warehouses are unploughed average and groom and withal make sure fire exits are kept clear all the time.7. Do you turn in a customer complaints book? Yes we do it is a form actually not a book it is ordinarily abandoned to customers who put up complaints, although our complaints forms be possessed of been trim back because they are normally too many people with complaints so it is usually dependent depending on the type of complaints the customer is making.8. Who deals with the complaints? Complaints are usually dealt with at the customer services desk but if its a serious complain against the community then the duty store till graham flour deals with the complain made against our store.9. How many complaints take you had? As I utter preceding on we usually bring on alot but it has rock-bottom recently, this is due(p) to us providing our customers with good customer services. Complaints are usually with the check out times at the weekend, so we possess cut this by having some of our staffs multi skil ful so they can work both on the shop floor and on the till.10. Do you have a customer service desk? Yes we do it is rigid at the entrance of the store.11. How do you check if your Customer services methods are working? Aaarh Im not really sure though, I bring forward by how much profit we make at the end of the week.12. How do you monitor customer services? We use different methods like mystery shoppers, speck boxes, focus groups and questionnaires. notwithstanding I think we use the clue boxes and mystery shoppers most.13. How much capture is necessary to be a customer services advisor? No date is usually needed as our sassy recruits are usually trained to secure the outmatch customer service training, although we usually opt staffs with front consume but usually no finger is needed.thank you for time. after(prenominal) analyzing this questionnaire tescos treat their customers in a very good manner curiously with the complaints depending on the event it might as we ll be dealt with by the store manager which is very good for the customer and the store as the customer will be happy to explain what really happened and overly the store till will know what they did victimize there by ensuring it doesnt happen again. in like manner their staffs are also well trained to be a customer service consultant.They also have a safety book which tells their staffs what they need to know if any thing occurs. They also ensure their store and warehouse are kept clean and tidy to prevent accidents from occurring to both staffs and customers.