White on white and color in minimalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

White on white and color in minimalism - Essay Example The essay "White on white and color in minimalism" analyzes the abstract art and compares white on white art and color art in minimalism. All artists concentrated on expressive art that showed emotion and universal themes. They were influenced by surrealism that changed into a new style that existed in the post-war era and mood of trauma, anxiety, fear and death. Abstract expressionism was not easy to define and understand. Some artists preferred to use action painting while others preferred American type painting. The artists who chose to express their artistic work through the movement showed their subconscious through their art and shared an interest in Jung’s ideas on myth memory and ritual. Minimal art developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the United States of America. Minimalist sculptures and paintings consist of geometric shapes and other simple forms that occur in a series of arranged unit. The movement was also called systematic painting, serial art or ABC p ainting. This movement grew in opposition of the earlier abstract expressionism movement. Minimal art movement was interested in logical systems and physical principles that occurred universally. They favored the straight and hard lines of design and rejected handcraftsmanship. White on white paintings or sculptures is objective and representational. They limit artists to develop things that exist in the real world situation. A viewer must be able to understand the piece of the work in the perspective of the artist. This piece of art does not allow artists to develop new things from their imagination that cannot be representative of the existence. In addition, the artists are limited to white color paintings and sculptures. They cannot use other colors except white colors when developing their work. The white color must be the background of any artwork. White on white paintings or sculptures represents the ultimate minimalism. It is neutral. In fact, it is not considered as a color. It is usually used in the background of the artwork. White on white paintings or sculptures signify and show purity, cleanliness and light (Foster, 2000, 45). White paintings are made up of white oil and exhaustic wax that softens its texture. White on white paintings has white encaustic burnt substance that contributes to the dimension of white on white painting in space. At the start of the white on white art, muted earth tones were incorporated into the white to come up with simple designs. The muted color was reduced later (Foster, 2000, 98). White paintings and sculpture present art in the simplest way possible by eliminating things that can complicate or add other dimensions on a piece of art. It brings art clearly from its background showing every detail. Minimalism is about creating clarity and avoiding ambiguity. White on white paintings and sculptures eliminate aspects of ambiguity in art works by putting the piece of art against a clear background that highlights each de tail that the artist wants to display. Tara Donovan is an American artist who was born in 1969 in new York. She has a Master of Fine Art degree in Sculpture (Lewis & Lewis, 2008, 62). She is an inventive sculptor who works elicit wonder and imagination using some of the common objects in everyday life. Her sculptural works show a transformation of ordinary materials shaped into intriguing and amazing physical and visual artworks.

Individual Assignment Collecting Data Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Collecting Data Essay Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Select and review a case study scenario from the University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Feel free to embellish the scenario with additional details, as needed. Complete the New Referral or Inquiry Form based on your selected case study scenario. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in Microsoft ® Word in which you discuss the importance of collecting appropriate data for intake and assessment forms.   Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Saying no to things that make you uncomfortable is just as important in college as it was when you lived with your parents. Many students experiment with alcohol or sex during their college years, but if you dont want to do these things, dont let anyone pressure you into them. Your college experience should be about having fun, exploring who you are and preparing for your future via your classesnot about doing things you dont truly want to do. This pack includes BSHS 405 Week 2 Individual Assignment Collecting Data Business Management Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website.   Select and review a case study scenario from the University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Feel free to embellish the scenario with additional details, as needed. Complete the New Referral or Inquiry Form based on your selected case study scenario. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in Microsoft ® Word in which you discuss the importance of collecting appropriate data for intake and assessment forms.   Format your paper consistent with APA guidel To get this material Click this link https://bitly.com/12BY8mO Saying no to things that make you uncomfortable is just as important in college as it was when you lived with your parents. Many students experiment with alcohol or sex during their college years, but if you dont want to do these things, dont let anyone pressure you into them. Your college experience should be about having fun, exploring who you are and preparing for your future via your classesnot about doing things you dont truly want to do. Business Management Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Select and review a case study scenario from the University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Feel free to embellish the scenario with additional details, as needed. Complete the New Referral or Inquiry Form based on your selected case study scenario. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in Microsoft ® Word in which you discuss the importance of collecting appropriate data for intake and assessment forms.   Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Why did the Bolsheviks Win the Civil War?

Why did the Bolsheviks Win the Civil War? BRIEF OVERVIEW The Soviet Union was one of the world’s two super powers during the second half of the twentieth century. The idea that almost everyone has is that the Soviet state was founded in the year 1917, which was the year of the Bolshevik revolution; the truth is that the state has risen only after the end of the civil war in which the Bolsheviks were the ultimate victorious side. After the establishment of Lenin’s government in 1917, opposition members, especially those who had military positions under the Tsar regime, started to appear. General Alexeyev, who was the imperial chief of staff under the Tsar, started creating an anti-Bolshevik army immediately after the revolution. Soon after that, other leading tsarist military officials joined that group; those included Kornilov, Denikin, and many others. General Lavr Kornilov, who was the Supreme Commander of the Russian Army under the Tsar, created an army of volunteers that reached approximately three thousand men in 1918, and that army was the core of what later became the White Army that fought against the Reds (the Bolsheviks). Even if the White Army managed to control certain regions, for limited periods of time, such as the Ukraine, the Kuban region, Omsk, and Gatchina, and even though it succeeded in winning some battles, such as those at Simbirsk and Kazan, their ultimate fate was defeat. The Red Army prevailed and the Soviet state was finally established. WHY THE BOLSHEVIKS WON Many historians and researchers studied the Russian civil war, and the reasons for the defeat of the Whites they all agreed on were not always identical. According to Lee, the reason of victory laid in the effective handling of the war by the Bolsheviks themselves [The Bolsheviks were] outflanked to the east by Socialist Revolutionary regimes and surrounded by White military offensives. Yet this widespread opposition and apparently vulnerable position both worked in the favour of the Bolsheviks, making it possible for them to secure eventual victory. What made this certain was the effectiveness of their own diplomacy, organisation and military strategy (80) Some other researcher, however, contend that the Reds won the war not because of their exceptional and ingenious handling of the war, but because of reasons related to the mishandling of the war, and its various phases and stages, by the White army and its military chiefs. What must be stated here is that while the Red army was a unified military force under one Bolshevik (communist) leadership, the White army was composed of different groups which had different political views and, most importantly, which did not agree on what concerned the future they wanted for the new Russian state. As explained by Treadgold, the various components of the White army did not have a common efficient war strategy. The Whites had lacked coordination, and were plagued by personal rivalries among their leaders. They denounced Bolshevism, but affirmed nothing. Denikin and Kolchak were moderates, who lacked effective political or economic programs. Their slogan: ‘A united and indivisible Russia’ alienated national minorities, and played into Bolshevik hands. White generals made military blunders, but their political mistakes and disunity proved decisive. (Western New England College) The national minorities formed another factor that the Whites did not succeed in convincing. In fact, those minorities feared the Whites because of their constant call for a united Russia and felt threatened by them, and this was another positive element for the Reds. The above mentioned point of view is presented also by Phillips. He states that the main objective of the various groups that formed the White forces was to stop the victories of the Bolshevik revolution and to put an end to Lenin’s ambitions of creating a new Russian government and, ultimately, a new face for the Russian state. And even though all the fractions of the Whites agreed on that final goal, they did not agree on practically anything else. The Whites did not succeed in presenting a clear vision of what should come after the desired defeat of the Bolsheviks. The Whites were an amalgam of different groups united only by their desire to get rid of the Bolsheviks. On what was to replace the communist regime they were deeply divided. Some wanted a return to the Tsarist regime; others a democratic republic. There was little in common between the Tsarist groups and socialist groups like the Mensheviks. The aims of the national minorities were more limited and often at odds with the White leaders. The slogan ‘Russia One and Indivisible’ did little to keep the minorities fighting for the Whites. (Philips 42) Another factor that worked in the favour of the Reds was the foreign aid that the Whites were receiving. This gave the chance to the Bolsheviks to present their case against the opposition stating that they were tools in the hands of external powers that wanted to interfere in the future of Russia both politically and economically. Treadgold states that Allied intervention was of dubious value: foreign arms and supplies aided the Whites, but were insufficient to insure victory and let the Reds pose as defenders of Mother Russia. Bolshevik propaganda portrayed White generals (wrongly) as reactionary tools of Western imperialism, and (more correctly) as aiming to restore the landlords. (Western New England College) For what concerns the foreign powers, it must be noted that their abandonment of the Whites when the Reds began winning some of the battles was crucial in determining the outcome of that conflict. This was an enormous drawback for the White army that found itself alone and weak. Habeck confirms that the division of the groups that the White army was formed of was certainly an important element, but it was not the only one. The author states that the Allied forces were always offering assistance to the Whites, but they stopped it when the Whites needed it the most. When they were successful on the battlefield, the Allied powers (Britain, France, and the United States) provided critical military assistance, but as the Whites began to lose, the aid disappeared, consigning the Whites to their fate. The fluid nature of the civil war also meant that the Whites never created permanent institutions. Matters were not helped by the officers’ reluctance to involve themselves in political matters, leaving chaos and banditry to reign in much of their territory. (Habeck 1665) This abandonment of the Whites, according to Philips, was the result of the Versailles treaty of 1919. The author suggests that â€Å"the Allied leaders may have had no taste for communism but neither did they desire to carry on fighting.† It is also known that â€Å"the Whites did receive money and military equipment from the Allies although not enough to have an impact on the course of the war† (43). The pure military strategies and realities were not the only direct reason why the Bolsheviks won the war; another aspect was the method in which the Whites conducted their various issues and their personal lifestyle affairs. Corruption was one of the factors; another one was the total dependence on vodka and cocaine among the White soldiers. This even reached a more serious level when an official of the White army stated that his army was composed of members who were ignorant and incompetent (Anderson 22). The nature of the civil war was, just as any war, cruel and brutal, the White army was responsible for many crimes: â€Å"White troops were allowed to commit atrocities during the war, such as pogroms against the Jews who lived in White-occupied lands† (Habeck 1665) The last of the reasons that led the Bolsheviks to victory is purely economic; they were in control of the most important industrial and manufacturing plants in the country, while the Whites simply had far less and, as mentioned earlier, were dependent on foreign aids and on outside help to keep their campaign alive. Laver summarises the reasons by stating that the Reds had many advantages; such as the unified leadership of the communists under Lenin, the skills of Trotsky, and the control of industrial centres which were highly populated areas. The Whites, on the other hand, were divided, they lacked a common strategy, and they did not have popular support. Not to mention the ineffectiveness of the limited foreign support that they received (76-77). Works Cited Lee, Stephen J. Lenin and Revolutionary Russia. London, UK: Routledge, 2003. Treadgold, Donald W. Twentieth Century Russia. 1987. The Russian Civil War. Western New England College. 2000. 21 October 2006.  http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/russia/lectures/28civilwar.html>. Philips, Steve. Lenin and the Russian Revolution. London, UK: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2000. Habeck, Mary R. â€Å"White Army.† Encyclopedia of Russian History. Ed. James Millar. New York, NY: Macmillan Reference-Thomson/Gale, 2004. Anderson, Peter. â€Å"Why did the Bolsheviks Win the Russian Civil War?† History Review 43 (2002): 22 27 Laver, John. The Modernisation of Russia 1856-1985. Oxford, UK: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2002.

The Message of Quinns Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

The Message of Ishmael Quinn gains a unique perspective on humanity through the main character of the novel, Ishmael. Ishmael is a gorilla. And Ishmael is a teacher who communicates with humans telepathically. On the surface, this hardly seems to be a character who would appear in a serious book; more likely a children's story, a fable, or perhaps a bad science fiction novel. Yet Ishmael is none of these, and Ishmael is a strong character, with a powerful intellect and a serious purpose. The character of Ishmael needs to be non-human in order to be effective. Looking in on civilization from the outside gives him a perspective from which to criticize humanity without hypocrisy. To hear the oppressor repent is not nearly so effective as to hear the voice of the oppressed demand freedom and restitution. As Ishmael opens, the author writes of a day in his life when he found what he thought a truly ludicrous advertisement in the personals section of a newspaper: TEACHER seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person. Investigating with the purpose of exposing fraud, he came upon Ishmael in Room 105 of a nondescript office building. Ishmael was sitting calmly, nibbling on a slender branch. Momentarily shocked, Quinn stumbled towards a chair. He glanced into the gorilla's eyes, and much to his disconcertment the eyes calmly spoke to him. Nodding in answer to an unuttered question, Ishmael spoke silently "I am the teacher." In language of the sort one might expect from a well educated man speaking with a friend, Ishmael told Quinn the story of his life. A large portion of it was spent in captivity, before a wealthy elderly man befriended and educated him. At the end of Ishmael's tale, Quinn was still somewhat befuddled. I sat there for a minute, then I said, "I'm trying to figure out what this has to do with saving the world." Ishmael thought for a moment. "Among the people of your culture, which want to destroy the world?" "Which want to destroy it? As far as I know, no one specifically wants to destroy the world." "And yet you do destroy it, each of you. Each of you contributes daily to the destruction of the world." "Yes, that's so." "Why don't you stop?

African American President Essay

Between the two articles; â€Å"Hell Yeah, There’s Still Slam-Banging Black Music† by Greg Tate and â€Å"Starting Now, There Is No Such Thing as Black Music† by Cord Jefferson, they are basically discussing the beginning times of when Black Music came about and how it became labeled Black Music. Also how there should be no such thing as Black Music due to certain circumstance. Going back to when Black Music first became labeled Black Music and thinking about all the important Black leader who stood up for their rights and some who accomplished successful things that were once thought could only be accomplished by the Whites, I believe Black Music being labeled Black Music should stay the same. I also think whether to be considered Black Music or not, it will always be up to ones decision on what they consider the type of music they listen to no matter what anyone else says. What is labeled Black Music today I think has very significant and important meaning to the African American culture because just like the article â€Å"Hell Yeah, There’s Still Slam-banging Black Music,† African Americans don’t even have a country to call their own. I think having something simply as a type of music the Black’s created to call their own I don’t think should be a big deal at all and should not be changed. The article also mentioned that everything Black’s did back then became a beauty, especially their music which I think would be easy for anyone to see just knowing the history of African Americans and what they had to do just to be where they are today, slave and discrimination free. There is also plenty of successful African Americans we know about living today and from back then that went through a lot just have some recognition for the African American culture. Some of these successful African Americans not only include Musicians, but also actress and or performers, novel writers, business owners, and today a African American President. I do believe there is a such thing as Black Music simply because the music portrayed as Black Music is still continued today as well as when it first started. In the article by Cord Jefferson, he’s trying to compare basketball to the matter calling it a White’s sport because it first being played by White males, but it wouldn’t make sense being called a White’s sports today when today it’s played by many different races other than White males. Not saying that there aren’t non-Black people recording what we as Americans consider Black Music, but the larger majority of artist recording what’s labeled as Black Music today are African Americans. That’s basically how it’s been since the beginning start of Black Music and that’s how I believe it will stay.

All About the Major French Verb Faire

All About the Major French Verb Faire The irregular verb faire  (to do or to make)  is one of the 10 most frequently used verbs in the French language alongside à ªtre,  avoir, dire, aller, voir, savoir, pouvoir, falloir, and vouloir. Faire is also used to form  the causative construction and in numerous idiomatic expressions. 'To Do' or 'To Make' Faire means to do and to make in most senses that these verbs are used in English. Je fais la lessive:  Im doing the laundry.Je fais mes devoirs: Im doing my homework.Je fais du bricolage: I do odd jobs/DIY projects.Je fais un gà ¢teau: Im making a cake.Je fais des projets: Im making plans.Je fais des progrà ¨s: Im making progress. Exceptions When the intent is to communicate to make, the French tend to be more specific, and, instead of faire, they would use, for example, fabriquer, construire, obliger, forcer, donner,  or a whole list of alternate verbs. In the following instances, idiomatic usage calls for  the verbs rendre and prendre, not faire: When to make is followed by an adjective, it is translated by rendre: Ça me rend heureux: That makes me happy. To make a decision is expressed with  prendre une dà ©cision: Jai pris une dà ©cision: I made a decision. Causative Construction The  causative  construction  faire  plus an infinitive describes when someone or something has something done, makes someone do something, or causes something to happen. Je fais laver la voiture: Im having the car washed.Il ma fait laver la voiture: He made me wash the car.Le froid fait geler leau: Cold makes water freeze. Expressions With 'Faire' Faire is used in a number of idiomatic expressions, including many related to weather, sports, math, and everyday life. Il fait du soleil: Its sunnyIl fait froid:  Its cold out.il fait beau/il  fait beau temps:  Its nice weather./Its nice out./The weather is fine/nice.Je fais du ski: I ski.Je fais du golf: I golf.Deux et deux font quatre: Two plus two equals (makes) four.Je fais de lautostop:  Im hitchhiking.Il fait sa tà ªte:  He acts impulsively.Ça fait parti de notre projet:  Thats part of our plan.faire 5 kilomà ¨tres:  to go 5 kilometersfaire trois heures: to be on the road for three hoursfaire acte de prà ©sence:  to put in an appearancefaire attention :  to pay attention to, watch out forfaire bon accueil:  to welcomefaire de la peine quelquun:  to hurt someone (emotionally or morally)faire de la photographie:  to do photography as a hobbyfaire des chà ¢teaux en Espagne:  to build castles in the airfaire des cours:  to give classes, lecturesfaire des à ©conomies:  to save up/to save money/to economizefaire de son mieux:  to do ones bestfaire du lard  (familiar): to sit around doing nothingfaire du sport:  to play sports faire du thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre:  to be an actor/to do some actingfaire du violon, piano:  to study violin, pianofaire dune pierre deux coups:  to kill two birds with one stonefaire face :  to oppose/to face up tofaire fi:  to scornfaire jour, nuit:  to be daytime, nighttimefaire la bà ªte:  to act like a foolfaire la bise, le bisou:  to kiss hellofaire la connaissance de:  to meet (for the first time)faire le mà ©nage:  to do housework Conjugations You will find  all tenses  of  faire  conjugated elsewhere; for now, here is the present tense to illustrate just how irregular this essential French verb is. Present tense je faistu faisil faitnous faisonsvous faitesils font

The Signalman by Charles Dickens Essays

The Signalman by Charles Dickens Essays The Signalman by Charles Dickens Paper The Signalman by Charles Dickens Paper Essay Topic: Literature The story The Signalman, by Charles Dickens, has the supernatural as its main theme. The author builds up a sense of fear and tension gradually to maintain the interest of the reader. Stories, which include supernatural events, were undoubtedly as popular in the Victorian times as they are today. This is probably because the reader enjoys being scared. During Victorian times railways were a relatively new invention. People saw trains as huge ogres, because most people did not know much about trains. This meant that some people feared them. An example of this is, Just then there came a vague vibration in the earth and air, quickly changing into a violent pulsation, and an on coming rush. This makes the train sounds as if it is alive by using personification. The narrator seems to feel disturbed by it. The author of, The Signalman, builds up a sinister atmosphere by using descriptive details. An example of this is where he tells us the, Cutting was extremely deep, and, Unusually precipitous. It was made through a clammy stone, that became oozier and wetter as I went down. This suggests that the cutting is very dark, eerie, and not a very nice place to be. The language used in the short story is in archaic form. The narrator says at the beginning of the story, Halloa below there, Halloa is not used within the English language today. Nowadays people would say Hello rather than Halloa. Using language such as this is very effective because people have not heard this form of archaic language in quite some time. The role of the narrator is to act as a person that the signalman can trust; he speaks to the signalman as if he is in a powerful position, and as if he is in a different class to the signalman, (The class system was more pronounced in Victorian times). He tries to find a rational explanation to what it was the signalman claims to have seen. Incredulity, because he begins to trust the signalman. He starts to think that there may be some truth in the signalmans story. He also starts to show some concern over the signalman and what he may be going through. Understanding, He begins to believe in what the signalman was telling him. Unfortunately this happened as the result as the signalmans death. One of the ways Charles Dickens builds up suspense for the reader is thee many warnings about what is going to happen to the signalman. The fist warning is the train crash in the tunnel. A crash in the tunnel would be most unfortunate. This is because the tunnel is dark, cold and harder for the fire service to get to the wreck, so the fire can spread quicker. The second warning was the bride being pushed or falling out of the train window. The last warning was a vision of the signalman standing on the tracks bent over and looking at something or someone in the corner next to the track. The Final warning is not in fact a warning; instead it was the signalmans death. This suddenly became more personal to the narrator than any of the other events; this is because the narrator knew the signalman, and what he was like. The signalmans character is a very interesting one. When you think of the education that is needed to be a signalman, than you may think of someone who has dropped out of school, or failed their exams. However this is not true with the signalman he was, A student of natural philosophy. The narrator found out that the signalman, Had run wild, missed his opportunities, gone down and never risen again. This shows us that the signalmans character was successful in his education, however he did not apply this academic ability to his choice of occupation. The relationship between the narrator and the signalman develops throughout the story. Starting form the beginning, when the signalman ignored the narrator. Halloa! Below there! Shouted the narrator, One would have thought, considering the nature of the ground, that he could not have doubted from what quarter came the voice; but instead of looking up to where I stood he turned himself and looked down the line, This adds to the sense of mystery as well as developing a curious friendship over the fact of the narrators intentions. I am not happy in opening any conversation. This shows that the signalman is a very private, and possibly vulnerable. It seems as if the signalman has been hurt by someone in the past, and so therefore is being very, if not over protective of himself, his belongings and his life that he leads and once lead. Then the signalman decides to confide in the narrator, I believe I used to be so, but I am troubled, sir, I am troubled. With What? What Is Your Trouble? It is very difficult to impart, sir. It is very, very difficult to speak of. If ever you make me another visit, I will try to tell you. Now the signalman asks him to come back, so this must mean that the narrator and the signalman must like each other, and because of this I would assume that they are more than friends. During the story there are several points, which could be considered as cliffhangers. This indicates to me that originally the story was split into several parts to make it serial. An example of one of these cliffhangers is, You had no feeling that they conveyed to you in any supernatural way? This shows a cliffhanger in the story. It also shows that the story could have been split into sections and put into a newspaper or magazine, in instalments. At the end of the story, The Signalman, The signalman is killed. There are a few explanations to his death. One is that he committed suicide. The evidence that I have found to back this up comes from the parts of the story where the bride was killed and the crash inside the tunnel. This is because he was very upset and depressed about the death and crashes that had happened on his part of the railway line. He was so depressed that the only way that he could see to stop his depression was to throw himself under a train, this was also to stop the guilt of all the lives that might have been able to save had he have been doing his job probably. The reader knows that the crash and the brides death was not the signalmans thought but thats not what the signalman thought. The second explanation is that he did not see the train because he was too busy dealing with what he though might have been a ghost beside the railway track. If this is the case then it was nothing more than a freak accident. If there was to be any blame passed than it would have to go to the signalman for standing in the middle of the railway tracks. However he cannot be blamed entirely. The train was coming out of a dark tunnel. Also the train was also painted black. Black the colour of darkness. So the train was easily camouflaged within the tunnel.

Black Robe - Movie Review essays

Black Robe - Movie Review essays "Black Robe" is a movie that tells the story of the first contacts between the Huron Indians of Quebec and the Jesuit missionaries from France who came to convert them to Catholicism, but ended up delivering the Indians into the hands of their enemies. The Jesuits saw the "Savages", as they called them, as souls to be saved. The natives saw the Black Robes, as they called them, as destroyers and "demons" threatening the gods and sorceries, which ordered their lives. Out of that, a big conflict between two cultures is shown. Those first brave Jesuit priests did not realize that it was not the right thing to do, because a burning faith and an absolute conviction drove them. Only much later it was apparent that the European settlement of North America led to the destruction of the original inhabitants, not their salvation. Father LaForgue, a Jesuit, undertakes a long and arduous journey in winter, guided by the Algonquins, threatened by the Iroquois. It is a torturous experience, and "Black Robe" visualizes it in very realistic depictions of Indian life. Throughout the movie we can very well find details of the housing of the Indians, their methods of hunting and food procurement and the way they use absolute trust and cooperation of each other to fight against the deadly climate. It also becomes clear that the Indians had their own religious and belief systems already in place, and that none of them had much use for Jesus and the other gifts of Christianity. This is clearly shown in a scene when the Jesuit priest is trying to explain the advantages of going to Heaven, and the Indians he is with laugh at him - the cultural context is incompatible and communication with understanding is impossible. On the other hand, for the white people it is hard to understand the brutality and torture that is part of Indian life. When Iroquois are torturing the Jesuit priest and his party, the young Frenchman says: "They are Iroquois, they are a...

The Effectiveness of Light Therapy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Effectiveness of Light Therapy - Assignment Example Tsai Hsiu-Hsin conducted this research to find out the effect of therapy on depressed elders. The researchers Yun-Fang Tsai and Hsiu-Hsin Tsai belong to the school of nursing in Taiwan; Thomas Wong is from the school of nursing in Hong Kong, while Yeong-Yuh Juang works in the Department of Psychiatry in Taiwan. The research is conducted because elderly depression has become a major issue and there are no past studies that are conducted for examining light therapy effect on elderly depressions in tropical areas. For this purpose, the old patients that were hospitalized because of depression in a subtropical climate area are selected. The experiment was conducted in such a way that patients had to sit in front of a light box where they faced 5000 lux early in the morning. This experiment lasted for 5 days in which time duration was 50 minutes each day. Treatment was only given to the experimental group, while there was no treatment for controlling group. The results of this experiment stated that there was a significant reduction of depression on the patients after the experiment, but no effect was found on the control group. This research is very helpful for the elders as they can use light therapy for reducing their depression and it has a positive impact on them. The major limitation of this study was that only one hospital was selected for this experiment therefore, different hospitals could be used in the future.

Independent Business Analysis Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Independent Business Analysis Project - Essay Example ................. 5. Personal development and action planning.................................................................. 6. Conclusions and reflections............................................................................................ 1. Introduction There is an inherent desire that is relatively universal, known as the similarity-attraction hypothesis, which states individuals tend to seek out others with similar characteristics. Such salient characteristics include personal interests, values, beliefs, skills and even age (Ward and Bochner 2001). Working professionally or even in the social environment, the similarity-attraction hypothesis dictates that it would be rather impractical that all individuals would have the adaptability and cognitive/psychological capacity to adjust within a team environment unless individuals shared the same salient characteristics. This demand for adaptability often creates culture shock, an inability to adjust to a differing culture wi thin an institution (Allison et al. 2012). Symptoms of culture shock vary from person to person, however it is a legitimate phenomenon addressing the psycho-social outcomes when attempting to amend inherent cultural characteristics to meet and address the cultural tendencies of a new cultural dynamic. One of the most fundamental skills gaps that I maintain is a lack of confidence in businesses that do not maintain what I consider to be appropriate expertise especially when I have discovered that my opinions and sentiments about various issues or potential business solutions are legitimate and supersede actual business practice. Culture shock becomes, then, a legitimate phenomenon that impacts team functioning and presentational prowess. To address this and other recognised skills gaps, I will be examining the phenomenon of culture shock and the characteristics required for proper and productive team-working that will provide the template by which to develop a personal plan of action of self-improvement within a future business dynamic. 2. Literature review – culture shock and acculturation The concept of culture shock is a very well-recognised phenomenon occurring with students and even business professionals. Individuals, inherently, tend to seek out other associates, friends or colleagues that maintain similar characteristics in order to find their own personal comfort zone within the social condition (Ward and Bochner 2001). Culture shock occurs when an individual is forced to work within a diverse cultural group or function within a differing social environment where cultural dimensions vary from home country culture. It is a feeling of personal disorientation and lack of personal comfort that occurs when attempting to acclimate oneself to a new culture (Knell 2007). At the psychological level, the inborn desire to socialise and work with individuals that share similar values, languages, and beliefs has significant impact on establishment of social belonging, a universal motivational need that is necessary to achieve self-esteem and the pinnacle of one’s full talents and ambitions (Weiten and Lloyd 2005). However, culture shock often becomes an outcome of being coerced to work with diverse individuals hailing from unique cultures, which can lead to a variety of symptoms ranging from depression and anxiety to even overt hostility (Nebreda 2012). Culture shock is a by-product of the inherent needs related to the similarity-attraction hypothesis where an

Popular Culture Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Popular Culture Projects - Essay Example Often it is found that the new innovation faced stiff resistance from what already was there, which can be named as traditional culture. But when the new culture infiltrates into the deeper layer of the society through various means it become the mass culture. It breaks all the societal taboos and mores framed earlier. One can say it is a cultural invasion. The whole world is witnessing now such a cultural invasion in the name of popular culture of the nineteenth and twentieth century. So many theories corroborate to the evolution of this popular culture which has deep impact on the every facet of human life. The new innovations due to large scale industrialization add to so called pop culture. Every moment the tradition in the society faces a competition with the modernity. But it is the people who decide what to prevail. Gone are those days when a few intellectual mass monopolized the culture and imposed that on the society to act accordingly. In this pop culture era elitist view o f the society take a backseat seeing the political culture changing its shape. Popular culture has been defined differently by different scholars. Raymond William(1983, p.237) argues that "the word 'popular' has at least four current meanings. First it can simply refer to those objects and practices that are well liked by a lot of people or it can refer to objects and practices deemed inferior and unworthy the term can also refer to work deliberately setting out to win favor with the people. Finally the term can refer to the objects and practices actually made by the people for themselves (cited by Harrington & Bielby, p.2) Alan Swingewood (1977, p.5-8) points out that the aristocratic theory of mass society is to be linked to the moral crisis caused by the weakening of traditional centers of authority such as family and religion. He also points out there is no question of domination here anymore. This view establishes the fact that popular culture has become the need of the people now (cited in Wikipedia, 2006) In modern urban mass society several factors contributed towards the evolution of popular culture such as 1. The development of industrial mass production, 2.the introduction of new technologies of sound and image broadcasting and recording, 3. the growth of mass production industries such as film, broadcast radio, television, book publishing industries as well as print and electronic news media (Wikipedia, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.phptitle=Popular_culture&oldid=72053444) The distinction between the highbrow and lowbrow culture became very faint with the advent of this popular culture. "Soon the term 'middlebrow' was introduced to qualify this phenomenon and to dismiss it as threatening the authenticity of both high and popular culture"(Wikipedia, 2006) With the pop music, video, adventure sports, evolve some persons who make some lasting and indelible impressions in the minds of public and are termed as celebrities. According to David Marshall, Canadian media theorists and author of the book Clebrity and Power , celebrities were an invention that heralded the democratic ear of fame business. The term celebrity has its roots in latin word

Public Safety and Privacy Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Safety and Privacy Analysis - Essay Example Civil rights and privacy laws are quite different of each other. The importance of which depends upon the timing of the question. It is established that for the protection of citizens, civil rights are set so that the citizens can enjoy their liberty. The agencies that enforce law are demoralized at the same time when they have to adhere to Fourth amendment as its protection permits crimes to persist (Stimson, 2004). Here we may cite the ruling of apex court concerning sex offenders, privacy and public safety. The Supreme Court of United States of America only just made a rule in relation to sex offenders, privacy, and public safety. The legislating body of America and the Supreme Courts are concerned about public safety or the protection of privileges of people individually. According to the Patriot Act defined by the US government, all the groups responsible for putting law into effect can question the Fourth Amendment if it bypasses the rights of citizens. Americans with the suppo rt of law enforcement organizations are ensured that they will be facilitated with their due civil rights and security (Stimson, 2004). The other day US Supreme Court made a decision according to which, the condemned sex delinquents are to be exposed on internet by giving their addresses over internet. There is no chance given to the delinquents in terms of their identification as a threatening individual for the society (Stimson, 2004). Litigation over electronic control gadgets are popular amongst the litigants despite the fact that in number of cases tools are used properly. According to Wallentine (2010), courts while deciding such case are making use of the â€Å"principles of Graham v. Connor† with regard to the usage of an â€Å"electronic control device†. In the case of Bryan v. Macpherson, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal held that â€Å"TASER or any other electronic control device† is in effect an in-between quantum of force (Wallentine, 2010). In the case of Bryan who made use of drugs and we can say that he was mentally ill in terms of his health. TASER was used by the law enforcement officer due to which, Bryan fell down and lost his four teeth besides minor injuries. After this incident, the law enforcement officer was sure about the fact that Bryan was distressed mentally and was in urgent need of safety (Wallentine, 2010). When the court examined this case along with other matching cases, it was of the opinion that for analyzing the situation of the convict, the law was not applied rightly for the situation. The law enforcement officer made a mistake by selecting the wrong strategy to deal with the convict. The force option was wrong. There is a further reportage that the officer made use of more than required force in using the TASER against the convict for his own reasons that are still unknown until this juncture. According to the court, usage of TASER for Bryan was not reasonable since Bryan did not pose an immediate t hreat to the officer / other person. The decision is enforceable on officers within the 9th Circuit. The judges were of the view that officers are responsible to clearly understand established law (Wallentine, 2010). Another two cases that relate to the usage of TASER namely â€Å"Brooks v. Seattle† and â€Å"Mattos v. Aragano† are in the process to be allocated to judges of 9th Circuit Panels to define the law. However, the constitutional explanation is the prerogative of Supreme Court.

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the two scientists, who came up with a new geographical phenomenon might as well not only cause unending controversy, but a consequent period of regret for all the involved professionals. Apparently, such kind of possible ideas that might have been neglected at the very start of the development of evolution theories would result into a whole new understanding of the earth.This paper declares that just as resources were allocated for the Georgian theory, so should necessary authorities address this upcoming idea; its strength, proof, and influence might give a realistic approach to catastrophes.   The possibility of craters that made an impact over 250 million years ago would result into a new definition on the aftermath that the species experienced. It might be a sad situation for a majority of the geologists, consequent blame among themselves, for basing their ideas on one orientation without consideration for the contrary.  The effects discussed could be due to a huge catastrophe as asteroids could have caused dust expulsion that would have resulted in loss sunlight and could have caused a drop of temperature and chilliness, which, in turn, could have led to extinction of life on Earth for a considerable period of time. However, numerous scientists argue that these mysterious changes could explain the gravitational pull in all circular geological structures and the entire underground.

Puppet Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Puppet Project - Assignment Example The children that I worked with really liked making Jacob, the lion, and were making suggestions on what he should look like. They even tried the puppet on used it and made more puppets. Puppets are for learning and having fun while learning. Puppetry is a form of creative art where stitchery, weaving, painting, drawing and even mobiles can be used all together to improve children’s learning in all facets of school and home issues. Cognitive- The child will learn how to use language to express themselves through the use of puppets and stories they make up themselves. They will use their thinking skills to make their puppets, think of a story, and use their puppet to present a short play to the class. Social- The child will interact with other children while making the puppet and putting on their own puppet shows. The child will be able to start discussions and learn to follow-through till the project is completed. The child will be learning proper conversation skills. Emotional- The child will learn how to express themselves through the use of these puppets. The child overcome shyness, attention-problems and will be able to complete project to completion and make friends. Physical- The child will improve their manual dexterity when using their hands and arms to manipulate the puppets mouth. They will also in some cases learn to control their whole bodies to contol puppet depending on the size of the puppet. The will also improve hand-eye coordination when the

The Circle of Memory in My Papa's Waltz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Circle of Memory in My Papa's Waltz - Essay Example Readers now begin to wonder, does the waltz dance ignites a painful memory for the speaker or happy memory? Does the waltz dance bring out the father’s clumsiness and a moment of fun with the speaker, or does it bring out issues of alcoholism and child abuse? Therefore, waltz becomes the center of the themes that it portrays while at the same time, becoming the center of controversy. One way, that depicts the use of waltz to complicate the father-son relationship, is through the argument that the speaker remembers his father's bouts of drunken behavior and how they affected him as a child. Another side of argument views that the waltz depicts the love between the father and son, since the former, despite his heavy drinking after a day’s hard work, got time to spend and dance with his son. However, in the first argument, the speaker remembers how his father slapped him around due to his inebriated state, also, that he became violent after drinking too much. Memory plays a vital role in the poem as the speaker is a grown man who remembers his childhood experiences. The subjective lens of memory reveals that the speaker perceives his father's â€Å"waltz† differently now than he did as a child. The speaker also expresses how he felt confused by his father's behavior as a child. As a child, the speaker views his father's violence as actually being a display of emotion and affection. He explains how his childhood perception of his father allowed him to confuse his father's violence with dancing. The waltz symbolizes how the speaker views his father's behavior differently as an adult as he acknowledges how his father had a strange, troubling way of expressing his love and affection. The circle of memory is inseparable from the speaker's view of the waltz as a strange, tenuous bond he had with his father. This represents confusion, not only to the reader, but also to the speaker. Since the poem is a memory of when he was young, the waltz seems to represent something different from when the speaker was young. As stated earlier, the use of waltz in the poem is purposely used to complicate the relationship between the father and the speaker. This also implies that the speaker is also confused by the meaning of the dance. His view about the dance then seems to have changed now that he is fully grown. However still, confusion lingers on his memories. The waltz reveals that the speaker's memory of his father changes over time, and hence that the â€Å"beat† of his father's fist is part of the beat of the speaker's memory. The father's movements reveal that he is intoxicated as he is moving around the room aimlessly. Similarly, the speaker's memory wanders in aimless circles in his attempt to decipher the full meaning of his father's behavior. The speaker's endeavor to find certainty regarding his father's waltz reveals his desire for objectivity. The following lines reveal that he desires to be as objective about his view o f his father in the same way that death is objective about life: â€Å"The whiskey on your breath / Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not easy† (Roethke & Snodgrass 1-4). The speaker realizes that finding objectivity is an arduous task as his father's ambiguous display of emotion leaves him confused. He comes to terms with how his perception of his father lacks the necessary objectivity of factual truth. The poem illustrates

Puppet Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Puppet Project - Assignment Example The children that I worked with really liked making Jacob, the lion, and were making suggestions on what he should look like. They even tried the puppet on used it and made more puppets. Puppets are for learning and having fun while learning. Puppetry is a form of creative art where stitchery, weaving, painting, drawing and even mobiles can be used all together to improve children’s learning in all facets of school and home issues. Cognitive- The child will learn how to use language to express themselves through the use of puppets and stories they make up themselves. They will use their thinking skills to make their puppets, think of a story, and use their puppet to present a short play to the class. Social- The child will interact with other children while making the puppet and putting on their own puppet shows. The child will be able to start discussions and learn to follow-through till the project is completed. The child will be learning proper conversation skills. Emotional- The child will learn how to express themselves through the use of these puppets. The child overcome shyness, attention-problems and will be able to complete project to completion and make friends. Physical- The child will improve their manual dexterity when using their hands and arms to manipulate the puppets mouth. They will also in some cases learn to control their whole bodies to contol puppet depending on the size of the puppet. The will also improve hand-eye coordination when the

The House in Zapote Street Essay Example for Free

The House in Zapote Street Essay Quijano de Manila is the pen name of Nick Joaquin. He started writing before the war and his first story, â€Å"Three Generations† has been hailed as a masterpiece. He has been recipient of almost all the prestigious awards in literature and the arts, including the National Artist Award for Literature in 1976. He was also conferred, among other recognitions, the Republic Cultural Heritage Award for Literature in 1961, the Journalist of the Year Award in the early 1960s, the Book of the Year Award in 1979 for his Almanac for Manileà ±os, the national Book award for several of his works, the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, Creative Communication Arts (the Asian counterpart of Nobel Prize) in 1996, and the Tanglaw ng Lahi Award in 1997. Dr. Leonardo Quitangon, a soft-spoken, mild-mannered, cool-tempered Caviteno, was still fancy-free at 35 when he returned to Manila, after six years abroad. Then, at the University of Santo Tomas, where he went to reach, he met Lydia Cabading, a medical intern. He liked her quiet ways and began to date her steadily. They went to the movies and to basketball games and he took her a number of times to his house in Sta. Mesa, to meet his family. Lydia was then only 23 and looked like a sweet unspoiled girl, but there was a slight air of mystery about her. Leonardo and his brothers noticed that she almost never spoke of her home life or her childhood; she seemed to have no gay early memories to share with her lover, as sweethearts usually crave to do. And whenever it looked as if she might have to stay out late, she would say: Ill have to tell my father first. And off she would go, wherever she was, to tell her father, though it meant going all the way to Makati, Rizal, where she lived w ith her parents in a new house on Zapote Street. The Quitangons understood that she was an only child and that her parents were, therefore, over-zealous in looking after her. Her father usually took her to school and fetched her after classes, and had been known to threaten to arrest young men who stared at her on the streets or pressed too close against her on jeepneys. This high-handedness seemed natural enough, for Pablo Cabading, Lydias father was a member of the Manila Police Depatment. After Lydia finished her internship, Leopardo Quitangon became a regular visitor at the house on Zapote Street: he was helping her prepare for the board exams. Her family seemed to like him. The mother Anunciacion, struck him as a mousy woman unable to speak save at her husbands bidding. There was a foster son, a little boy the Cabadings had adopted. As for Pablo Cabading, he was a fine strapping man, an Ilocano, who gave the impression of being taller than he was and looked every inch an agent of the law: full of brawn and guts and force, and smoldering with vitality. He was a natty dresser, liked youthful colors and styles, decorated his house with pictures of himself and, at 50, looked younger than his inarticulate wife, who was actually two years younger than he. When Leonardo started frequenting the house on Zapote Street, Cabading told him: ill be frank with you. None of Lydias boy friends ever lasted ten minutes in this house. I didnt like them and I told them so and made them get out. Then he added laying a hand on the young doctors shoulder: But I like you. You are a good man. The rest of the household were two very young maids who spoke almost no Tagalog, and two very fierce dogs, chained to the front door in the day time, unchained in the front yard at night. The house of Zapote Street is in the current architectural clichà ©: the hoity-toity Philippine split-level suburban style—a half-story perched above the living area, to which it is bound by the slope of the roof and which it overlooks from a balcony, so that a person standing in the sala can see the doors of the bedrooms and bathroom just above his head. The house is painted, as is also the current fashion, in various pastel shades, a different color to every three or fou r planks. The inevitable piazza curves around two sides of the house, which has a strip of lawn and a low wall all around it. The Cabadings did not keep a car, but the house provides for an eventual garage and driveway. This, and the furniture, the shell lamps and the fancy bric-a-brac that clutters the narrow house indicate that the Cabadings had not only risen high enough to justify their split-level pretensions but were expecting to go higher. Lydia took the board exams and passed them. The lovers asked her fathers permission to wed. Cabading laid down two conditions: that the wedding would ba a lavish one and that was to pay a downy of P5.000.00. The young doctor said that he could afford the big wedding but the big dowry. Cabading shrugged his shoulders; no dowry, no marriage. Leonarado spent some frantic weeks scraping up cash and managed to gather P3.000.00. Cabading agreed to reduce his price to that amount, then laid down a final condition: after the wedding, Lydia and Leonardo must make their home at the house on Zapote Street. I built this house for Lydia, said Cabading, and I want her to live here even when shes married. Besides, her mother couldnt bear to be separated from Lydia, her only child. There was nothing. Leonardo could do but consent. Lydia and Leonardo were on September 10 last year, at the Cathedral of Manila, with Mrs. Delfin Montano, wife of the Cavite governor, and Senator Ferdinand Marcos as sponsors. The reception was at the Selecta. The status gods of Suburdia were properly propitiated. Then the newlyweds went to live on Zapote Street and Leonardo almost immediately realized why Lydia had been so reticent and mysterious about her home life. The cozy family group that charmed him in courtship days turned out to be rather too cozy. The entire household revolved in submission around Pablo Cabading. The daughter, mother, the foster-son, the maids and even the dogs trembled when the lifted his voice. Cabading liked to brag that was a killer: in 1946 he had shot dead two American soldiers he caught robbing a neighbors house in Quezon City. Leonardo found himself within a family turned in on itself, self-enclosed and self-sufficient — in a house that had no neighbors and no need for any. His brothers say that he made more friends in the neighborhood within the couple of months he stayed there than the Cabadings had made in a year. Pablo Cabading did not like what his to stray out of, and what was not his to stray into, his house. And within that house he wanted to be the center of everything, even of his daughters honeymoon. Whenever Leonardo and Lydia went to the movies or for a ride, Cabading insisted on being taken along. If they seated him on the back scat while they sat together in front, be raged and glowered. He wanted to sit in front with them. When Leonardo came home from work, he must not tarry with Lydia in the bedroom chatting: both of them must come down at once to the sala and talk with their father. Leonardo explained that he was not much of a talking: Thats why I fell in love with Lydia, because shes the quiet type too. No matter, said Cabading. They didnt have to talk at all; he would do all the talking himself, so long as they sat there in the sala before his eyes. So, his compact family group sat around him at night, silent, while Cabading talked and talked. But, finally, the talk had stop, the listeners had to rise and retire and it was this moment that Cabading seemed unable to bear. He couldnt bear to see Lydia and Leonardo rise and go up together to their room. One night, unable to bear it any longer he shouted, as they rose to retire: Lydia, you sleep with your mother tonight. She has a toothache. After a dead look at her husband, Lydia obeyed. Leonardo went to bed alone. The incident would be repeated: there would always be other reasons, besides Mrs. Cabadings toothaches. What horrified Leonardo was not merely what being done to him but his increasing acquiesces. Had his spirit been so quickly broken? Was he, too, like the rest of the household, being drawn to revolve, silently and obediently, around the master of the house? Once, late at night, he suddenly showed up at his parents’ house in Sta. Mesa and his brothers were shocked at the great in him within so short a time. He looked terrified. What had happened? His car had broken down and he had had it repaired and now he could not go home. But why not? You dont know my father-in-law, he groaned. Everybody in that house must be in by a certain hour. Otherwise, the gates are locked, the doors are locked, the windows are locked. Nobody can get in anymore!† A younger brother, Gene offered to accompany him home and explain to Cabading what had happened. The two rode to Zapote and found the house dark and locked up. Says Gene: That memory makes my blood boil my eldest brother fearfully clanging and clanging the gate, and nobody to let him in. 1 wouldnt have waited a second, but he waited five, ten, fifteen minutes, knocking at thai gate, begging to be let in. I couldnt have it! In the end the two brothers rode back to Sta. Mesa, where Leonardo spent the night. When he returned to the house on Zapote the next day, his father-in-law greeted him with a sarcastic question: Where were you? At a basketball game? Leonardo became anxious to take his wife away from that house. He talked it over with her, then they went to tell her father. Said Cabading bluntly: If she goes with you, Ill shoot her head before your eyes. His brothers urged him to buy a gun, but Leonardo felt in his pocket and said, Ive got my rosary. Cried his brother Gene: You cant fight a gun with a rosary!. When Lydia took her oath as a physician, Cabading announced that only he and his wife would accompany Lydia to the ceremony. I would not be fair, he said, to let Leonardo, who had not borne the expenses of Lydias education, to share that moment of glory too. Leonardo said that, if he would like them at least to use his car. The offer was rejected. Cabading preferred to hire a taxi. After about two months at the house on Zapote Street, Leonardo moved out, alone. Her parents would not let Lydia go and she herself was too afraid to leave. During the succeeding weeks, efforts to contact her proved futile. The house on Zapote became even more closed to the outside world. If Lydia emerged from it at all, she was always accompanied by her father, mother or foster-brother, or by all three. When her husband heard that she had started working at a hospital he went there to see her but instead met her father coming to fetch her. The very next day, Lydia was no longer working at the hospital. Leonardo knew that she was with child and he was determined to bear all her prenatal expenses. He went to Zapote one day when her father was out and persuaded her to come out to the yard but could not make her make the money he offered across the locked gate. Just mail it, she cried and fled into the house. He sent her a check by registered mail; it was promptly mailed back to him. On Christmas Eve, Leonardo returned to the house on Zapote with a gift for his wife, and stood knocking at the gate for so long the neighbors gathered at windows to watch him. Finally, he was allowed to enter, present his gift to Lydia and talk with her for a moment. She said that her father seemed agreeable to a meeting with Leonardos father, to discuss the young couples problem. So the elder Quitangon and two of his younger sons went to Zapote one evening. The lights were on in Cabading house, but nobody responded to their knocking. Then all the lights were turned off. As they stood wondering what to do, a servant girl came and told them that the master was out. (Lydia would later tell them that they had not been admitted because her father had not yet decided what she was to say to them.) The last act of this curious drama began Sunday last week when Leonardo was astounded to receive an early-morning phone call from his wife. She said she could no longer bear to be parted from him and bade him pick her up at a certain church, where she was with her foster brother. Leonardo rushed to the church, picked up two, dropped the boy off at a street near Zapote, then sped with Lydia to Maragondon, Cavite where the Quitangons have a house. He stopped at a gasoline station to call up his brothers in Sta. Mesa, to tell them what he had done and to warn them that Cabading would surely show up there. Get Mother out of the house, he told his brothers. At about ten in the morning, a taxi stopped before the Quitangon house in Sta. Mesa and Mrs. Cabading got out and began screaming at the gate: Wheres my daughter? Wheres my daughter? Gene and Nonilo Quitangin went out to the gate and invited her to come in. No! No! All I want is my daughter! she screamed. Cabading, who was inside the waiting taxi, then got out and demanded that the Quitangons produce Lydia. Vexed, Nonilo Quitangon cried: Abah, what have we do with where your daughter is? Anyway, shes with her husband. At that, Cabading ran to the taxi, snatched a submachinegun from a box, and trained it on Gene Quitangon. (Nonilo had run into the house to get a gun.) Produce my daughter at once or Ill shoot you all down! shouted Cabading. Gene, the guns muzzle practically in his face, sought to pacify the older man: Why cant we talk this over quietly, like decent people, inside the house? Look, were creating a scandal in the neighborhood.. Cabading lowered his gun. I give you till midnight tonight to produce my daughter, he growled. If you dont, you better ask the PC to guard this house! Then he and his wife drove off in the taxi, just a moment before the mobile police patrol the neighbors had called arrived. The police advised Gene to file a complaint with the fiscals office. Instead, Gene decided to go to the house on Zapote Street, hoping that diplomacy would work. To his surprise, he was admitted at once by a smiling and very genial Cabading. You are a brave man, he told Gene, and a lucky one, And he ordered a coke brought for the visitor. Gene said that he was going to Cavite but could not promise to produce. Lydia by midnight: it was up to the couple to decide whether they would come back. It was about eight in the evening when Gene arrived in Maragondon. As his car drove into the yard of this familys old house, Lydia and Leonardo appeared at a window and frantically asked what had happened. Nothing, said Gene, and their faces lit up. Were having our honeymoon at last, Lydia told Gene as he entered the house. And the old air of dread, of mystery, did seem to have lifted from her face. But it was there again when, after supper, he told them what had happened in Sta. Mesa. I cant go back, she moaned. Hell kill me! Hell kill me! He has cooled down now, said Gene. He seems to be a reasonable man after all. Oh, you dont know him! cried Lydia. Ive known him longer, and Ive never, never been happy! And the brothers at last had glimpses of the girlhood she had been so reticent about. She told them of Cabadings baffling changes of temper, especially toward her; how smiles and found words and caresses could abruptly turn into beatings when his mood darkened. Leonardo said that his father-in-law was an artista, Remember how he used to fan me when I supped there while I was courting Lydia? (At about that time, in Sta. Mesa, Nonilo Quitanongon, on guard at the gate of his familys house, saw Cabading drive past three times in a taxi.) I cant force you to go back, said Gene. Youll have to decide that yourselves. But what, actually, are you planning to do? You cant stay forever here in Maragondon. What would you live on? The two said they would talk it over for a while in their room. Gene waited at the supper table and when a long time had passed and they had not come back he went to the room. Finding the door ajar, he looked in. Lydia and Leonardo were on their knees on the floor, saying the rosary, Gene returned to the supper table. After another long wait, the couple came out of the room. Said Lydia: We have prayed together and we have decided to die together.† Well go back with you, in the morning. They we’re back in Manila early the next morning. Lydia and Leonardo went straight to the house in Sta. Mesa, where all their relatives and friends warned them not to go back to the house on Zapote Street, as they had decided to do. Confused anew, they went to the Manila police headquarters to ask for advice, but the advice given seemed drastic to them: summon Cabading and have it out with him in front of his superior officer. Leonardos father then offered to go to Zapote with Gene and Nonilo, to try to reason with Cabading. They found him in good humor, full of smiles and hearty greetings. He reproached his balae for not visiting him before. I did come once, drily remarked the elder Quitangon, but no one would open the gate. Cabading had his wife called. She came into the room and sat down. Was I in the house that night our balae came? her husband asked her. No, you were out, she replied. Having spoken her piece, she got up and left the room. (On their various visits to the house on Zapote Street, the Quitangons noticed that Mrs. Cabading appeared only when summoned and vanished as soon as she had done whatever was expected of her). Cabading then announced that he no longer objected to Lydias moving out of the house to live with her husband in an apartment of their own. Overjoyed, the Quitangons urged Cabading to go with them in Sta. Mesa, so that the newlyweds could be reconciled with Lydias parents. Cabading readily agreed. When they arrived in Sta. Mesa, Lydia and Leonardo were sitting on a sofa in the sala. Why have you done this? her father chided her gently. If you wanted to move out, did you have to run away? To Leonardo, he said: And you are angry with me? house by themselves. Gene Quitangon felt so felt elated he proposed a celebration: Ill throw a blow-out! Everybody is invited! This is on me! So they all went to Maxs in Quezon City and had a very merry fried-chicken party. Why, this is a family reunion! laughed Cabading. This should be on me! But Gene would not let him pay the bill. Early the next morning, Cabading called up the Sta. Mesa house to pay that his wife had fallen ill. Would Lydia please visit her? Leonardo and Lydia went to Zapote, found nothing the matter with her mother, and returned to Sta. Mesa. After lunch, Leonardo left for his classes. Then Cabading called up again. Lydias mother refused to eat and kept asking for her daughter. Would Lydia please drop in again at the house on Zapote? Gene and Nonilo Quitangon said they might as well accompany Lydia there and start moving out her things. When they arrived at the Zapote house, the Quitangon brothers were amused by what they saw. Mrs. Cabading, her eyes closed, lay on the parlor sofa, a large towel spread out beneath her. She has been lying there all day, said Cabading, tossing restlessly, asking for you, Lydia. Gene noted that the towel was neatly spread out and didnt look crumpled at all, and that Mrs. Cabading was obviously just pretending to be asleep. He smiled at the childishness of the stratagem, but Lydia was past being amused. She wont straight to her room, were they heard her pulling out drawers. While the Quitangons and Cabading were conversing, the supposedly sick mother slipped out of the sofa and went upstairs to Lydias room. Cabading told the Quitangons that he wanted Lydia and Leonardo to stay there; at the house in Zapote. I thought all that was settled last night, Gene groaned. I built this house for Lydia, persisted Cabading, and this house is hers. If she and her husband want to be alone, I and my wife will move out of here, turn this house over to them. Gene wearily explained that Lydia and Leonardo preferred the apartment they had already leased. Suddenly the men heard the clatter of a drawer falling upstairs. Gene surmised that it had fallen in a struggle between mother and daughter. Excuse me, said Cabading, rising. As he went upstairs, he said to the Quitangons, over his shoulder, â€Å"Dont misunderstand me. Im not going to coach Lydia. He went into Lydias room and closed the door behind him. After a long while, Lydia and her father came out of the room together and came down to the sala together. Lydia was clasping a large crucifix. There was no expression on her face when she told the Quitangon boys to go home. But I thought we were going to start moving your things out this afternoon,, said Gene. She glanced at the crucifix and said it was one of the first things she wanted taken to her new home. Just tell Narding to fetch me, she said. Back in Sta. Mesa, Gene and Nonilo had the painful task of telling Leonardo, when he phoned, that Lydia was back in the house on Zapote. Why did you leave her there? cried Leonardo. Hell beat her up! Im going to get her. Gene told him not you go alone, to pass by the Sta. Mesa house first and pick up Nonilo. Gene could not go along; he had to catch a bus for Subic, where he works. When Leonardo arrived, Gene told him: Dont force Lydia to go with you. If she doesnt want to, leave at once. Do not, for any reason, be persuaded to stay there too. When his brother had left for Zapote, Gene realized that he was not sure he was going to Subic. He left too worried. He knew he couldnt rest easy until he had seen Lydia and Leonardo settled in their new home. The minutes quickly ticked past as he debated with himself whether he should stay or catch that bus. Then, at about a quarter to seven, the phone rang. It was Nonilo, in anguish. Something terrible has happened in Lydias room! I heard four shots, he cried. Who are up there? Lydia and Narding and the Cabadings. Ill be right over. Gene sent a younger brother to inform the family lawyer and to alert the Makati police. Then he drove like mad to Zapote. It was almost dark when he got there. The house stood perfectly still, not a light on inside. He watched it from a distance but could see no movement, Then a taxi drove up and out jumped Nonilo. He had telephoned from a gasoline station. He related what had happened. He said that when he and Leonardo arrived at the Zapote house, Cabading motioned Leonardo upstairs: Lydia is in her room. Leonardo went up; Cabading gave Nonilo a cup of coffee and chatted amiably with him. Nonilo saw Mrs. Cabading go up to Lydias room with a glass of milk. A while later, they heard a woman scream, followed by sobbing. There seems to be trouble up there, said Cabading, and he went upstairs. Nonilo saw him enter Lydias room, leaving the door open. A few moments later, the door was closed. Then Nonilo heard three shots. He stood petrified, but when he heard a fourth shot he dashed out of the house, ran to a gasoline station and called up Gene. Nonilo pointed to the closed front gate; he was sure he had left it open when he ran out. The brothers suspected that Cabading was lurking somewhere in the darkness, with his gun. Before them loomed the dark house, now so sinister and evil in their eyes. The upper story that jutted forward, forming the houses chief facade, bore a curious sign: Dra. Lydia C. Cabading, Lady Physician. (Apparently, Lydia continued- or was made- to use her maiden name.) Above the sign was the garland of colored lights that have been put up for Christmas and had not yet been removed. It was an ice-cold night, the dark of the moon, but the two brothers shivered not from the wind blowing down the lonely murky street but from pure horror of the house that had so fatally thrust itself into their lives. But the wind remembered when the sighs it heard here were only the sighing of the ripe grain, when the cries it heard were only the crying of birds nesting in the reeds, for all these new suburbs in Makati used to be grassland, riceland, marshland, or pastoral solitudes where few cared to go, until the big city spilled hither, replacing the uprooted reeds with split-levels, pushing noisy little streets into the heart of the solitude, and collecting here from all over the country the uprooted souls that now moan or giggle where once the carabao wallowed and the frogs croaked day and night. In very new suburbs, one feels human sorrow to be a grass intrusion on the labors of nature. Even barely two years ago, the talahib still rose man-high on the plot of ground on Zapote Street where now stands the relic of an ambiguous love. As the Quitangon brothers shivered in the darkness, a police van arrived and unloaded quite a large contingent of policemen. The Quitangons warned them that Cabading had a submachinegun. The policemen crawled toward the front gate and almost jumped when a young girl came running across the yard, shaking with terror and shrieking gibberish. She was one of the maids. She and her companion and the foster son had fled from the house when they heard the shooting and had been hiding in the yard. It was they who had closed the front gate. A policeman volunteered to enter the house through the back door; Gene said he would try the front one. He peered in at a window and could detect no one in the sala. He slipped a hand inside, opened the front door and entered, just as the policeman came in from the kitchen. As they crept up the stairs they heard a moaning in Lydias room. They tried the door but it was blocked from inside. Push it, push it, wailed a womans voice. The policeman pushed the door hard and what was blocking it gave. He groped for the switch and turned light. As they entered, he and Gene shuddered at what they saw. The entire room was spattered with blood. On the floor, blocking the door, lay Mrs. Cabading. She had been shot in the chest and stomach but was still alive. The policeman tried to get a statement from her but all she could say was: My hand, my hand- it hurts! She was lying across the legs of her daughter, who lay on top of her husbands body. Lydia was still clutching an armful of clothes; Leonardo was holding a clothes hanger. He had been shot in the breast; she, in the heart. They had died instantly, together. Sprawled face up on his daughters bed, his mouth agape and his eyes bulging open as though still staring in horror and the bright blood splashed on his face lay Pablo Cabading. Oh, I cursed him! cries Eugenio Quitangon with passion. Oh, I cursed him as he lay there dead, God forgive me! Yes, I cursed that dead man there on that bed, for I had wanted to find him alive! From the position of the bodies and from Mrs. Cabadings statements later at the hospital, it appears that Cabading shot Lydia while she was shielding her husband, and Mrs. Cabading when she tried to shield Lydia. Then he turned the gun on himself, and its an indication of the mans uncommon strength and power that, after the first shot, through the right side of the head, which must have been mortal enough, he seems to have been able, as his hands dropped to his breast, to fire at himself a second time. The violent spasm of agony must have sent the gun a .45 caliber pistol- flying from his hand. It was found at the foot of the bed, near Mrs. Cabadings feet. The drama of the jealous father had ended at about half-past six in the evening, Tuesday last week. The next day, hurrying commuters slowed down and a whispering crowd gathered before 1074 Zapote Street, to watch the police and the reporters going through the pretty little house that Pablo Cabading built for his Lydia.

The modern computer system specification

The modern computer system specification Im one of the Managers of the Royal Star Company, also a programmer. When I visited to the Carmel Library, I found how to benefits the computers. So, I wanna report some information. First, we shouldnt need to use the systems of the old computers because of the following reasons. We cant install nowadays software because the systems of old computers will distinguish nowadays computers. If the old computer doesnt have network card, we cant transfer the files or folders to the other computers. Nowadays software need graphic to install, I think that the old computers doesnt have required graphic. As they are old computers, there are many problems to install nowadays softwares such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. Especially previous windows such as Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME and others. Above the reasons, we should use the modernized computers. I think that the minimum required of the hard-disk is 80GB. To install the windows, the minimum required of the memory is 128MB. And then windows OS (operating system) is important too. The minimum microprocessor rate is 1.0GHz (Giga Hertz).Ill report some modernize specifications to you. They are: Windows XP or later Open Office 3.1 GIMP or Irfan view A free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus or Avast Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity Installation of Printers, optical Media and Scanner. First, we should install windows XP or windows Vista and latest version (Ultimate version) windows 7. These windows have enough memory, graphic and hard-disk. As the modernized version, they can install the latest software. So, we should need to use these versions. The microprocessors of these versions are very good. They can do everything fast. And we should install a free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus to protect our data from the virus attacking. As a good library, we always connect with the foreign customers. So, internet is necessary need. Wanna the internet connectivity good, we should use wireless connection such as Wi-Fi or Wi-Max. I wanna suggest about the internet. I dont wanna use the Dial up connection because this connection needs to renew again. We should install the Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0.And then; we need to install the printers, optical media and scanner. When we use the printers, we shouldnt use dot-matrix to have good quality. We shouldnt to use the floppy disk because the floppy disk will store small amount of data. So, we need to use memory stick or external hard -disk. Task (2) New systems and peripherals available are: System Board MB725 Intel ® DP55WG Media Series Desktop Boards price = $ 195.00 MB740 Intel ® DG43NB Classic Series Desktop Boards price = $ 151.00 Processor and Memory Architecture As example: -Processor Intel Core i7-870 (2.93 GHz, 8MB)s price = $794.00 Intel Core 2 Duo E8600 (3.33 GHz, 6MB)s price = $ 408.00 Intel Core 2 Quad Q9550 (2.83 GHz, 12MB)price= $ 393.00 -Memory 2GB DDR3-1333 Memorys price = $ 87.00 512mb DDR2-800 Memorys price = $ 22.00 Disk Drive systems 2.5 Serial ATA (SATA) Hard Disk Drive 320GB 7200RPMs price = $ 120.00 E-Disk Altima E2A3 Serial ATA (SATA) solid state flash drives price = $143.00 Peripherals (USB, Fire wire, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi access) -USB (Universal Serial Bus), they are very popular in these years. Every computer includes USB PORT. -Fire Wire is a capable of using the high-speed isochronous transfer mode to support data-transfer rates up to 400Mbps. -Bluetooth example are: Worlds Slimmest Lightest Bluetooth USB Dongle for Wireless connectivity 100 Meters, with 2 years warranty 2.4 GHz of wireless communication Usage. Price is $489.00 (2 years warranty) Bluetooth 100 Meters range Transfer data like Software, Images, Ringtones; Games to you Bluetooth enabled Mobile Phone/PDA. Transfer Voice data Connect to your Phone/PDAs Modem. Price is $499.00 GNET Presents to you USB Hub Bluetooth Dongle Mega Combo Deal. Now taste this deal before it is gone Kit Contents 1 Bluetooth Dongle worth Rs.600 One Four Port Hub worth Prince $499.00 Printers Canon Pixma MP 560 printers price = $89 to $157 HP LaserJet 1320 printers price = $89 to $499 HP Photosmart Premium Touch Smart Web printers price = $279 to $464 Network Hardware and cabling/ Wireless LAN Network Hardware and cabling -Network hardware and cabling is not too hard. -First, we need to clip the cables. -Then, plug them into a system or a computer. Wireless LAN -Wireless LAN is useful in nowadays. -Mostly, it is used in Internet cafes and Game Shops. -LAN (Local Area Network) is a form of networks. -Installing the LAN is like a network. -I will show you the installation of network in Task (4) Task (3) Problems from using old computers.. -At first, the systems will distinguish nowadays computers. So, we cant use nowadays software. -Second, if the old computer doesnt network card, we cant transfer the file or folder to other computers by using network. -Third, the memory and graphic will need to more install. As they are old modernized computers, there are many problems to install nowadays software such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. So, we should need to use Modernized Computers because of the above reasons. Software List -windows XP/Vista/7 -Open office 3.1 -GIMP or Irfan view -A free Antivirus like AVG antivirus or Avast -Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 -Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 -Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity -Installation of Printers, Optical Media and Scanner. Hardware List Some hardware lists are as follows: -Intel(R) Core 2 Duo CPU T5750 2.0GHz Pentium 4 -DDR2 4GB -HP Jornada 420/430 Hitachi SH3 (SH3) Palm-size PC 1.2 (SH3) -Microsoft Windows PC (International Unicode) Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows XP -Microsoft Windows PC Intel Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows Vista or Windows XP -Toshiba Genio e550 Intel StrongARM SA-1110 (ARM) Pocket PC (ARM) -HP Jornada 820 Intel Strong ARM SA-1110 190MHz (ARM) HPC Pro (ARM) -Compaq Aero 2150/2180 NEC VR4121 (MIPS) Palm-size PC 1.2 (MIPS) -Apple Macintosh (x86 based) x86 (x86) Apple Macintosh (with Crossover) -Asus AH100 Intel StrongArm SA1100 (ARM) HPC 2000 -Hitachi ePlate HPW-600ET Hitachi SH4 (SH3) HPC Pro (SH3) Project Plans are as follows: -Removing the old system -Install Motherboard -Install CPU -Install RAM -Install Network Card Removing the old system -At first, remove the external I/O Systems. -And then, remove the System Units Cover and remove the Adapter Cards. -Second, removing the cables from the System Board and System Board. -Finally, remove the Power Supply. -Removing the Power Supply Disconnect the exterior power connections from the system unit a system Disconnect the interior power connections Remove the power-supply unit from the system Install Motherboard Motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. On the typical motherboard, the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface of a firm planar surface and usually manufactured in a single step. In both the AT and ATX designs, the computer components included in the motherboard are: * The microprocessor * (Optionally) coprocessors * Memory * Basic input/output system (BIOS) * Expansion slot * Interconnecting circuitry -Motherboard is the basic component of the PC system. -Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. A motherboard, known as the central or primary circuit board makes up a complex electronic system such as a computer. -The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. -The physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. Install the System Board (Motherboard) Verify the whole pattern alignment for the new system board and insert it into the system unit chassis. Install the grounding screws that hold the system board to the brass standoffs in the chassis floor. Reconnect all the cables to the system board (such as Power Connections Front-Panel Connections and Disk-Drive Connections.) Install the option adapter cards in the appropriate expansion-slot connectors (remove slot covers from the back panel of the chassis to accommodate any new cards.) Replace the system units outer cover or side panels. Reconnect all external I/O systems. Start up the system and reconfigure any CMOS Settings required to return the system to its original performance settings. And Then Installing Microprocessors Installing the Memory Modules Installing Support ICs Central Processing Unit (CPU) -The Main Component of a personal computer. -It contains the major structures that make up a computer system. -It performs mathematical and logical computations at incredible speeds. -It is also the brain of the computer. -And install the CPU. Memory -There are (2) types of memories. They are: RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read-only Memory RAM Random Access Memory -It is quick enough to operate directly with the microprocessor. -It can be read from and written to as often as desired. -It is a volatile type of memory. -Its Contents disappear when power is removed from the memory. ROM Read-only Memory -It contains the computers permanent startup programs. -It is non-volatile type of memory. -Its contents remain with or without power being applied. Cache Memory -It is one type of memories. -It performs to use the Data quickly. -An area of special high-speed RAM reserved for improving system performance by holding information that the microprocessor is likely to use. Then, -Install the Power Supply and Install the Video/Monitor Systems. -Install Storage Devices such as Hard-Disk Drive Installation, CD-ROM/DVD Devices Installation and so on -Install Adapter Card-Basic Peripherals (E.g. Installation of the Sound Cards.) -Install Wireless LAN components As a result, -We should need to use modernized computers for the nowadays software. -We should know what is a Motherboard? We should know the Software lists and Hardware Lists. -We should know how to remove or install system Boards steps by steps. Task (4) Installing the windows -Install the windows steps by steps with Installer CD. -As an example, Ill show the installation of the windows XP. Installation of the windows applications Install the Open Office 3.1 -Install the Open Office 3.1 steps by steps. -Ill show with my download pictures. Install A Free Antivirus (AVG) Installation of a Free Antivirus (AVG) is as follow: Installing The Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Mozilla Firefox 3.5 need to install following steps Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 with the following steps. Installing the Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Ill show Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 with my print screen photos. Network Installation -Network installation starts with clipping the network cables. -Then, the clipped cables plugged to the main computer. -For internet, we need to connect with internet modem or wireless router. -For work, we need to distribute with work stations (network sharing computers). -And then, we should install the scanner and network printer. Installation of the network printers A network printer installation allows multiple users and computer to share a single printer, and then having numerous personal printers throughout the home or office. When we install a network printer, make sure it is located in a centralized place so that all users can access it conveniently. Then install the software on each machine. -We may find that newer versions of Windows may already have the necessary drivers installed. Installation of a printer is following steps. Task (5) Common Printer Problems A printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form. -A printer should have some paper to copy for ready. -Printer needs a officer or a worker to do its processings. -As an electronic device, a printer can use when the electric is powered up. 5 Essentials utilities Using the Device Manager -The Device Manager utility is basically an easy-to-use interface for the Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -We can use the Device Manager utility to manually isolate hardware and configuration conflicts. -In this utility, the presence of plus (+) and minus (-) signs in the nodes of the devices indicates expandable and collapsible information branches at those nodes. -An exclamation point (!) inside a yellow circle whenever a device is experiencing a direct hardware conflict with another device in this utility. -Similarly, a red X appears beside a devices icon when the device has been disabled due to a user-selection conflict. System Editors -The Windows operating systems contain three important editors:System Editor (SysEdit), the Registry Editor (RegEdit and RegEtd32), and the Policy Editor (PolEdit).Windows 2000 also includes a very powerful Group Policy Editor (GPE). -Later versions of MS-DOS contained a small text editor program (EDIT.COM) that enabled users to easily modify text files. -We can start this utility by typing the EDIT command along with the filename at the command prompt. -The editor is particularly useful in modifying the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. -The MS-DOS Editor is an unformatted text file editor. -To start the SysEdit function, select the Run option form the Start menu. Windows Task Manager -This utility can be used to determine which applications in the system are running or stopped, as well as which resources are being used. -We can also determine what the general microprocessor and memory usage level are. -We can access the Windows 2000/XP Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del or Ctrl+Shift+Esc or we can aso access the Task manager from the pop-up context menu. Ctrl+Shift+Esc key sequence moves directly into Task Manager ,whereas the Ctrl+Alt+Del selection opens the Windows Security menu screen, which offer Task Manager as an option. -To use this utility, select the application from the Applications tab and click the End Task button. If prompted, click the End Task button again to confirm the selection. -The processes tab provides information that can be helpful in tracking down problems associated with slow system operation. -The performance tab provides a graphical summary of the systems CPU and memory usage. Disk Cleanup -Another disk-management tool available in Windows operating systems is the Disk Cleanup utility. -This utility can be used to remove certain types of normally disposable files and optional components from the system to clear additional disk space. -We can access the Disk Cleanup utility through the System Tools entry by selecting Start, Programs, and Accessories. -When it is activated, the Disk Cleanup utility calculates the amount of space that can be regained by emptying the Recycle Bin. -It also examines the space saved by removing downloaded files, temporary files and temporary Internet files. Backup -Backup utilities enable the user to quickly create extended copies of files, groups of files, or an entire disk drive. -The backup and Restore functions can be used to back up and retrieve one or more files to another disk because a backup of related files is typically much larger than a single floppy disk , backup programs normally allow information to be backed up to a series of disks; they also provide file-compression techniques to reduce the size of the files stored on the disks. -It is impossible to read or use the compressed backup files in this format. To be usable, the files must be decompressed (expanded) and restored to the DOS file format. -The Microsoft Backup and Restore disk-management utility is found in both Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -It is not automatically installed when Windows is set up. If the user decides to install this feature, the actual Backup file (Backup.exe) is placed in the C:Program_FilesAccessories directory. -Windows also creates a shortcut icon for the Backup utility in the C:WindowsStart MenuProgramsAccessoriesSystem Tools directory. Task (6) The Operating System Here is the fundamental of Operating System: -The Operating System also called OS is for creating the link between the material resources, the user and the applications (word processor, video, game, etc) -It does not need to send specific information to the peripheral device but it simply sends the information to the operating system. The Operating System also conveys it to the relevant peripheral via its driver. To Benefits the Operating System -To benefits the operating system, we should correctly the roles of the operating system. -Roles of the Operating System Management of the Processor Management of the RAM Management of Input/output Management of execution and application Management of authorizations Files management Information management Pros and cons of Wireless Internet connectivity Not all Windows XP computers with Wi-Fi wireless support are capable of automatic wireless configuration. To verify your Windows XP computer supports this feature, you must access its Wireless Network Connection properties. -It is more comfortable to use than other Internet Access like ADSL, MPT etc -The Lap-tops are easily to connect the Internet with wireless access. -Wireless is very necessary for each company or office. Common boot sequence Error codes, their interpretation and correction The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn it on. -This will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS, etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. The BIOS performs the power-on self test (POST). If there are any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert. -The BIOS does more tests on the system, including the memory count-up test which you see on the screen. The BIOS will generally display a text error message on the screen if it encounters an error at this point; these error messages and their explanations can be found in this part of the Troubleshooting Expert.