Blue Cross Blue Shield Essay Example

Blue Cross Blue Shield Essay The Changing Face of Blue Cross Blue Shield Betty Bogart Kaplan University Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Betty Bogart, Student, Kaplan University, 1801 East Kimberly Road, Davenport IA 52807. The Changing Face of Blue Cross Blue Shield Since their founding as individual companies in the early 20th century, Blue Cross Blue Shield has grown to become one of the largest insurance companies in the United States. Blue Cross coverage for hospital care and Blue Shield coverage for physician visits grew to national coverage separately before merging to form the Association we know today. In 1929 Justin Ford Kimball developed a program to cover teachers for hospital treatment. It guaranteed them 21 days of hospital care for $6 dollars per year. This program was later extended to encompass other employee groups first in Dallas then nationally. The program became Blue Cross. The first Blue Cross Baby was born in a hospital in Dunham, North Carolina. This was the first birth in America to be covered by a health insurance certificate that included maternity benefits. In 1939 the American Hospital Association adopted the Blue Cross symbol for plans meeting certain requirements. The ties with the AHA were severed in 1970. In the early 20th century employers in mining and lumber camps of the Pacific Northwest developed a plan to cover employees by paying monthly fees to bureaus composed of groups of physicians. Officially the first Blue Shield Plan was implemented in California in 1939. The plan grew and was adopted by the Associated Medical Care Plan, a group of nine separate plans. Later the plan was renamed the National Association of Blue Shield Plans. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Cross Blue Shield specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Cross Blue Shield specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Cross Blue Shield specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both programs grew to national coverage as the need for medical insurance continued to grow with industry. The two companies merged to form Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association in 1982. At the time the company was defined as coverage under social welfare plans and was thus tax exempt. In 1986 the tax reform act labeled the company a 501(m) organization which would be subject to federal taxation with special tax benefits under IRC 833. Following this change, BCBSA changed its policies to allow its licensees to be for-profit corporations. In 1984 the nation’s first heart transplant covered by Blue Shield Association was performed in Stanford University Hospital. This would pave the way for BCBSA to create the Blue Cross and Blue Shield National Transplant Network which would become the Blue Quality Centers for Transplant. Today it includes 60 transplant centers nationwide and covers transplants for heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, bone marrow, and stem cell. In the mid 1990’s the Balanced Budget Act added the Medicare+Choice program. This allowed beneficiaries multiple health plans to choose from. By 2000, BCBSA processed the majority of Medicare claims. These claims alone totaled over 163 billion. In 2003 over 88 million Americans were covered by BCBSA liscensees. Today 38 companies comprise the BCBSA system which provides coverage for nearly 100 million people including all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Nationwide over 95% of hospitals and over 90% of professional providers contract directly with BCBSA companies. Coverage through BCBSA now includes the largest privately underwritten health insurance contract in the world. The FEP (Federal Employment Program) covers more than 5 million federal government employees, dependants, and retirees. The world of health care is an always changing one and BCBSA is no different. From starting as two separate small programs to growing into a leader in health care and technology, this association is an excellent example of how far the industry has grown and how far we’ve advanced in this country and as humans in general. From transplant research and technology to Medicare, BCBSA continues to stay at the head of the field in all aspects. From their humble origins of trial programs, Blue Cross and Blue Shield have always been on the cutting edge of new health care and technology. As one of the largest insurance Associations in the United states, BCBSA has continued to improve the quality of health care in the United States. Advancements such as Blue Cross Blue Shield National Transplant Network and Technologies Evaluation Center have proven the companies’ drive to continually improve health care in the United States. The biggest concern I have for the future of health care would be affordability. Some families still live paycheck to paycheck barely scraping by and the spiraling cost of health care and health insurance remains out of reach for them. Veterans and elderly benefits are cut to maintain cost while leaving some unfortunates behind. Un-insured people in America was a staggering 50 million in 2010 leading most to believe that something must be done to keep health insurance and health care affordable to everyone. No one should have to suffer without a physician’s care simply due to lack of insurance. References Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (http://www. bcbs. com/about-the-association) Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois (http://bcbsil. com/) Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employee Program (http://fepblue. org/) CNN Money (http://money. cnn. com/) Scott P. Serota, CEO Blue Cross and Blue Shield (http://www. bcbs. com/about-the-association/officers/scott-serota. html)

Free Essays on Vietnam Antiwar Movements

Vietnam Antiwar Movements The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the United States from 1965- 1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of 1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to come in the summer of 1965 (DeBenedetti, 106). This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. One antiwar tactic that often took place were teach- ins. They started during the spring of 1965 when the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges. These teach- ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons on college campuses (Wells, 24). The first one began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and rapidly spread to other campuses (Wells, 24). These protests at some of America’s finest universities captured public attention. The scattered teach- ins had become more of a problem for President Johnson when their organizers joined an unofficial group called the Inter- University Committee for a Public Hearing on Vietnam. The new committee began planning a nationwide teach- in to be conducted on television and radio between protesters and administrators of the government (Wells, 30- 31). This contributed to the resignations of many government officials, including McGeorge Bundy in 1966 (Wells, 71). The teach- in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protests grew through 1971 and replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue (Wells, 25). The march was organized by a group called the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam. It was a broad coaliti... Free Essays on Vietnam Antiwar Movements Free Essays on Vietnam Antiwar Movements Vietnam Antiwar Movements The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the United States from 1965- 1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of 1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to come in the summer of 1965 (DeBenedetti, 106). This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. One antiwar tactic that often took place were teach- ins. They started during the spring of 1965 when the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges. These teach- ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons on college campuses (Wells, 24). The first one began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and rapidly spread to other campuses (Wells, 24). These protests at some of America’s finest universities captured public attention. The scattered teach- ins had become more of a problem for President Johnson when their organizers joined an unofficial group called the Inter- University Committee for a Public Hearing on Vietnam. The new committee began planning a nationwide teach- in to be conducted on television and radio between protesters and administrators of the government (Wells, 30- 31). This contributed to the resignations of many government officials, including McGeorge Bundy in 1966 (Wells, 71). The teach- in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protests grew through 1971 and replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue (Wells, 25). The march was organized by a group called the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam. It was a broad coaliti... Free Essays on Vietnam Antiwar Movements Vietnam Antiwar Movements The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the United States from 1965- 1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of 1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to come in the summer of 1965 (DeBenedetti, 106). This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. One antiwar tactic that often took place were teach- ins. They started during the spring of 1965 when the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges. These teach- ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons on college campuses (Wells, 24). The first one began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and rapidly spread to other campuses (Wells, 24). These protests at some of America’s finest universities captured public attention. The scattered teach- ins had become more of a problem for President Johnson when their organizers joined an unofficial group called the Inter- University Committee for a Public Hearing on Vietnam. The new committee began planning a nationwide teach- in to be conducted on television and radio between protesters and administrators of the government (Wells, 30- 31). This contributed to the resignations of many government officials, including McGeorge Bundy in 1966 (Wells, 71). The teach- in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protests grew through 1971 and replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue (Wells, 25). The march was organized by a group called the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam. It was a broad coaliti... Free Essays on Vietnam Antiwar Movements Vietnam Antiwar Movements The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the United States from 1965- 1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of 1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to come in the summer of 1965 (DeBenedetti, 106). This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. One antiwar tactic that often took place were teach- ins. They started during the spring of 1965 when the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges. These teach- ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons on college campuses (Wells, 24). The first one began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and rapidly spread to other campuses (Wells, 24). These protests at some of America’s finest universities captured public attention. The scattered teach- ins had become more of a problem for President Johnson when their organizers joined an unofficial group called the Inter- University Committee for a Public Hearing on Vietnam. The new committee began planning a nationwide teach- in to be conducted on television and radio between protesters and administrators of the government (Wells, 30- 31). This contributed to the resignations of many government officials, including McGeorge Bundy in 1966 (Wells, 71). The teach- in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protests grew through 1971 and replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue (Wells, 25). The march was organized by a group called the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam. It was a broad coaliti...

Theory X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory X - Essay Example One of the best views of these is that provided by Bobic and Davis. The authors have brought out excellent views on how the Theory X and Theory Y operate within companies. As explained by Bobic and Davis, â€Å"We conclude with a comment on what all this might mean for the future of management. If people are different (some adaptive and others innovative) and personality is relatively invariant, then the management task becomes increasingly complex† (Bobic & Davis, 2003). I completely agree with their views and believe that in the current times, the main reason that might cause a management for fail is due to the use of a single approach of management. It is essential to note, with the changing times and with the high levels of competition that is currently prevalent in the markets, it is now a necessity for the managers to not only focus on one method of management. The needs and working styles of employees are very different and a single office can have a wide range of characters including those who are very adaptive to those who are very innovative. Hence it is the duty of the managers to use this as a chance of training themselves to meet the varying needs and not to stick to a single theory. An excellent example of this is the case of my previous job. I worked there part time, and my manager (knowingly or unknowingly) followed to the point, the theory X. There was always an environment of discomfort in the environment and despite having some of the best in his team; the manager was unable to run the team effectively. The employees in his team included people with great insights, interest in their jobs and a strong level of dedication. However due to the behavior of the manager, a number of people started to quit their jobs only to get better jobs in better companies. Considering the impact that Bobic and Davis have had on Theory X and Y, it is essential to note that in the current times, leaders cannot be one who

Strategic Management Accounting - Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management Accounting - - Assignment Example The company has been able to maintain a competitive edge through increased innovative, good corporate image and technological advancement. In this organization, decision making can be characterized as participatory where all the management is employed in decision making process. The second problem is presence of management teams that does not have long-range plans, also the management team is not dynamic, i. e., the majority of the management impedes change in the organization. In order to determine whether to replace the existing machine with the new mechanism, we need to calculate the Net Present value relative to the old machine. In order to achieve this objective we will follow the following steps: The decision criteria of the company are to select projects that have their payback period as five years and below. In the case of AL II, the payback period is 9.05 years, therefore, the replacement process should not be undertaken. My advice is to reject the project since the IRR is below the company cost capital. In addition to this, internal rate of return is one of the best criteria as it is considered to be a measure of marginal efficiency of the capital invested. There is need to analyze the firm financial capacity toward financing the replacement proposal. If it is not financially capable in implementing the proposal, the firm should search from resources elsewhere. In this case, the firm may result in borrowing, thus, the firm should consider the cost of borrowing and covenants attached to such borrowed funds (Hoque, 2005). It is necessary to consider the level of environmental degradation occasioned by the implementation of the proposal. If the existing machines pollute the environment at higher rate, that increases chances of the company facing legal suits emanating from environment pollution, the company might consider undertaking the proposal. Another strategic factor that needs to be

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Politics - Essay Example There needs to be clear understanding of whether it is national interest or core values that take precedence, which tends lack in idealist approach that tries to integrate both realism and idealism. Adopting idealist approach will enable the U.S. to take into account the uprising regional powers like India and china. One of the main features of the U.S. constitution that control the majority and protect the minority is separation of powers. It helps to preserve liberty while upholding order. Another feature is constitutional democracy, which limits the power of the majority in order to ensure the preservation of the rights minorities. However, the democratic aspect of the constitution is perhaps the most ineffective because it is the majority group that determines the course and nothing is in place to prevent them from infringing democratic rights and lives of the minority. National security is of utmost importance to any country. In cases of national security threats, every attempt to restore normalcy is takes charge. Fight on terrorism applies for all irrespective of one’s country of origin. However, the extermination of American citizens by their own government is quite creepy. The action infringes human rights. It violates the fundamental right to life, which the constitution

Can Opinion Polls be Trusted?

Can Opinion Polls be Trusted? Opinion poll is a type of survey or inquiry designed to measure the publics views regarding a topic or series of topics (Nielsen, 2007). The First poll was initiated in 1824 and straw polling was the first method used. (Hillygus, 2011) There are different types of opinion polling, few of them are Straw polls, Benchmark polls, Bushfire polls, Tracking polls, Entrance polls, Exit polls and Push polls. These polls are used as strategies to predict the voting of a campaign for a presidential election or how people feel about an issue in the country or issues of the globe (Davison, 2016). Straw poll in simple terms is an informal opinion survey. Benchmark poll is conducted at the very beginning of a campaign before the voters decision, it is done to estimate how well the candidate is doing at the beginning of a campaign. Tracking poll is a method where the opinions are taken with short intervals and the average is taken of the polls. Bushfire poll is taken in-between benchmark poll and tracking polls. The number of bushfire polls depend on the how competitive a side is and how much money is spent on that campaign. Entrance poll and exit polls are taken the day of the election. The opinion taken before the person give th eir vote is entrance poll and the opinion taken after the vote is exit poll. Push poll is a way of influencing a person by giving false information for an issue. It is done by showing that a poll is being conducted. Large number of people are contacted and no effort is made to collect data. Push poll is generally viewed as negative method of polling and is banned in the United States. (Boundless 2016). For this report the journals, newspaper articles and research papers were collected via internet. Data have been gathered from journals, research papers, new paper articles and websites which relates to this topic. To ensure that the information collected is accurate for a journal and research papers, make sure they are taken from a reputed web page, where they are published , is it from a university press or by a professional society. Research about the author, see if the author is from a university or another institute and if the journal is cited with other sources it can give further credibility. Data from new paper articles and websites are tricky because there can be so many scams in the web, therefore when using their information, you need to research if there is an author or a publisher, the date the article was released, is it from a reputed website which has an ending of .edu, .gov, or an article written by a university. Finding other source that can cross check the validity of the information makes it more reliable. Most of the data collected are quantitative data. The writers prove their information by providing statistical evidence. The reason for this is opinion polls mainly involves numbers to estimate their results. Opinion polls helps to know the populations view point towards an issue without having conduct campaigns or elections. Furthermore, Opinion Polls have played an important role in predicting elections. One of them is the election of 2010 in United Kingdom. 10 poll results were shown and 9 of them all showed the same scenario, representing that Conservatives party were clearly in the lead.(Nardelli, 2015) However, In the recent years some of the polls have not being able to accomplish their goals. One of them is the UK election 2015 (Cole, 2015) and the other The EU referendum where the votes of United Kingdom leaving European union was 48% while United Kingdom staying was 52% (Edwards, 2016) (Barnes, 2016). Opinion polls have not only failed United Kingdom but also the United States. The polls of Presidential election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Polls from Yougov and Fox News have stated that Hillary Clinton was a 3-4% in lead of Donald Trump. (Skibba, 2016) The reason for the unsuccessful polls can be explained by how the data is collected and other factors that affect the result. Opinion polls are collected by conducting surveys. The common ways are telephone calls, face to face interviews or mail (Roper Center. (2015). The surveys are conducted in random samples which would help to make an prediction and understanding of the opinion of the wide population as a representative. Poll groups mostly use a sample size of thousand .The result survey that consist the sample of thousand or twenty thousand should be similar if the sample is representative.(Macreadie, 2011). The samples taken will have a margin of error. For sample size of thousand it would be +/- 3% and for two thousand its +/-2%. The smaller the sample, less accurate and a greater margin error. (Wells, 2011). Although lately poll groups seemed to have difficulties in performing surveys accurately. Specially telephone polls, which the most common and cost effective method. The reason behind this is the number of people using landlines has decrease greatly with the increase in technology which has led to using mobile phones. In 2013, 41% of US houses had mobile phones than cell phones. This was an issue to the polling groups because 1991 Telephone Consumer protection Act means that autodialling cell phones is against the law. Therefore to conduct mobile phone surveys, they have to manually dial the numbers, which makes the process expensive and time consuming. (Chalabi, 2016). Furthermore, Pew Research have estimated that the response rates in telephone survey in 1997 was 36% and have decreased greatly to 9% in 2012 (Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2017). Figure 1 (URL 1)   Ã‚   This is not the only aspect that makes the polls less reliable, the increasing in population from years makes also issue because the percentage of the total population completing a survey will decrease. Another problem is the last-minute change in decisions of the voters, this was a great impact on the UK Elections 2015. In February 19 % of the voters had not decides their bid and about 30 % of the voters announced that they might be persuaded to change their mind. (Healy, 2017) In addition most voters that was interviewed in the random samples could have been supporters of one political party, therefore the polls of one party could have shown to be greater. As mentioned above opinion polls have played an important role in predicting elections, however with the results of the recent elections have failed to trust it. The decrease of the respond rates, difficulty of conducting telephone surveys with mobile phones being used and the increase in population, are issue that poll groups face. Furthermore, these issues keep increasing which makes the polls less reliable. References Boundless (2016). Boundless Political Science.[online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/public-opinion-6/measuring-public-opinion-46/types-of-polls-269-1480/ [Accessed 11 January 2017] Chalabi, M. (2016). Dont trust the polls: the systemic issues that make voter surveys unreliable. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/datablog/2016/jan/27/dont-trust-the-polls-the-systemic-issues-that-make-voter-surveys-unreliable [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Cole, N. (2015). Why Did The Opinion Polls Get It So Wrong in 2015? | Conversion Uplift. [online] Conversion-uplift.co.uk. Available at: http://www.conversion-uplift.co.uk/limitations-of-pre-election-opinion-polls/ [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Davison, W. (2016). public opinion Political polls. [online] Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/public-opinion/Political-polls#toc258770 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Edwards, J. (2016). Pollsters now know why they were wrong about Brexit. [online] Business Insider. Available at: http://uk.businessinsider.com/pollsters-know-why-they-were-wrong-about-brexit-2016-7 [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Hillygus, D. (2011). The Evolution of Election Polling in the United States. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(5), pp.962-981. Healy, D. (2017). The 2015 UK Elections: Why 100% of the Polls Were Wrong. [online] Ftijournal.com. Available at: http://www.ftijournal.com/article/the-2015-uk-elections-why-100-of-the-polls-were-wrong [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Macreadie, R. (2011). Public Opinion Polls. 1st ed. [ebook] Research Gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270453761 [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Mail Online. (2016). Polling failures changed outcome of 2015 general election. [online] Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/pa/article-3405985/Opinion-polls-failure-2015-election-unrepresentative-samples.html [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Nardelli, A. (2015). Election 2015: can we trust the polls?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/datablog/2015/mar/30/election-2015-can-we-trust-polling [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Oxford Dictionaries | English. (2017). opinion poll definition of opinion poll in English | Oxford Dictionaries. [online] Available at: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/opinion_poll [Accessed 13 Jan. 2017]. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2017). Assessing the Representativeness of Public Opinion Surveys. [online] Available at: http://www.people-press.org/2012/05/15/assessing-the-representativeness-of-public-opinion-surveys/ [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Roper Center. (2015). Polling Fundamentals Sampling Roper Center. [online] Available at: https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/support/polling-fundamentals-sampling/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017]. Skibba, R. (2016). Pollsters struggle to explain failures of US presidential forecasts. [online] Nature. Available at: http://www.nature.com/news/pollsters-struggle-to-explain-failures-of-us-presidential-forecasts-1.20968# [Accessed 13 Jan. 2017]. Trochim, W. (2006). Types of Surveys. [online] Socialresearchmethods.net. Available at: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survtype.php [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017]. Wells, A. (2011). YouGov | Understanding margin of error. [online] YouGov: What the world thinks. Available at: https://yougov.co.uk/news/2011/11/21/understanding-margin-error/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017]. Hillygus, D. (2011). The Evolution of Election Polling in the United States. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(5), pp.962-965. URL1: http://www.people-press.org/2012/05/15/assessing-the-representativeness-of-public- opinion-surveys/5-15-12-1/ [Accessed January 14 2017] Dyson Company Analysis: Industry and Culture Dyson Company Analysis: Industry and Culture Dyson, a name that has become synonymous with vacuum cleaners, is a brand that demonstrates how apt management and marketing techniques can transform a brilliant engineering idea into a bright success. Today, Dyson machines enjoy the privilege of being placed in places like Londons Victoria and Albert Museum, Museum of Modern Art (New York), Design Museum (Zurich), the Powerhouse Museum (Sydney) and the Georges  Pompidou Centre (Paris).  Continuous innovation at Dyson has made wonders possible in durable appliances industry and won many accolades for the founder and leader, James Dyson and his team including the Japan Industrial Designers Association Award, The Queens Award for Enterprise, Americas Greenspec Award and the Industrial Design Prize of America. (WEBSITE) Pioneering the ball technology in vacuum industry, Dyson had to face imitators, complex legal procedures and huge costs on the road to success but eventually that paid off. (BBC) Another controversy that Dy son faced was relocation of its production to Malaysia and Singapore in 2002 and thus laying off employees in United Kingdom. However, it is held by the company that the cost saving was utilized in research and did not go in vain. Today Dyson products are sold in 45 countries of Europe, Middle East, Australia and United States. With 2008 sales revenue of  £184m, and operating profit of  £90 million which further reached record high of  £190 million in 2009, Dyson Ltd. is undoubtedly a winning company so far in United Kingdom. With 350 engineers and scientists placed in Wiltshire research and development laboratory, the company embarks on an ambitious plan of never ending innovation in household appliances. Culture Dysons remarkable success can be attributed to the corporate culture that flows directly from the founders personality: problem solving through creativity and innovation, research orientation, no complacence when it comes to product features and quality and an unremitting spirit of evolution and revolution. Dysons ability to combine aesthetics with technology is reflected in his successful endeavors like Wrong Garden that was not green and water flowing uphill, displayed in Chelsea Flower Show in 2003. The consistency in personality and the open culture embedded in the very fabric of organization where mistakes are not punished, rather valued because of a potential to be turned into success have made James Dyson a visionary and highly respected entrepreneur in business community worldwide. Company Analysis: 7 Ps: Products: Dyson Ltd. today offers a wide range of appliances: vacuum cleaners that are all about innovation, hand dryers that are quick, energy efficient and certified hygienic by NSF International, and the technologically miraculous, safe and easy to clean fan without blades and grills that does not produce unpleasant sounds. Below we map out the marketing mix of Dyson for vacuum cleaners. Core product: vacuum cleaner Actual product: A comprehensive and interesting list of features added to the core product makes Dyson vacuum cleaners stand out in the industry. Use of Root cyclone and ball technology for high maneuverability leads to high performance on all floor types, certified Asthma friendly by British Allergy Foundation makes the vacuum cleaner usable by Asthma and allergy patients, lifetime HEPA filter and bag less technology means no extra costs over the life of machine. Further product enrichment is made through special accessories to be attached with vacuum cleaners including allergy kit, groom tool, mattress tool, up top tool, stubborn dirt brush etc. Augmented product: Dyson vacuum cleaners not only provide value addition in terms of exciting features, but also provide customer with 5 years guarantee of parts and labor on upright and cylinder vacuum cleaners and 2 years guarantee on handheld vacuum cleaners. Customer service is available 7 days a week, where as full range of spares and accessories for vacuums comes with 12 months guarantee. An online expert service is a new feature that helps customers discusses their issues with Dyson experts with a few clicks. Moreover, the interesting and highly practical positioning of customer care number on the machine rather than on user manuals corroborates companys high customer orientation. Price: Pricing strategy of Dyson vacuum cleaners can be categorized as product line pricing because different machines in the extensive product with unique features are priced differently. Generally, Dyson vacuum cleaners are highly priced in the range of  £ 99  £ 340. Placement: Dyson machines can be shopped online from online merchants sites like Amazon and ebay, its own transaction site, specialty electrical retailers and supermarkets (Add data) Promotion: Besides having the maximum Advertisement budget in the vacuum cleaner industry and using the traditional medium of Television as a medium (in 2009, 92 percent of ad spend was on TV) (Mintel), Dyson uses following promotional techniques to attract customers Discount deals, online coupon codes, free shipping offers, some are particularly for first-time users. http://www.goodsavers.com/stores/dyson_uk_vouchers.cfm Christmas coupons Trade and sales promotion Promotion through collaboration with ISSSEY MIYAKE, in which set for the ISSEY MIYAKE fashion show was designed by James and the collection of ISSEY MIYAKE had a vacuum tinge a wand handle became a sleeve, a cyclone assembly became a skirt. Later, a special handheld vacuum was developed to celebrate the collaboration. People: At Dyson, hiring of creative staff with a passion towards engineering and problem solving serves as the basis of a team that is all about customer orientation. The customer care team is placed near the development arena, and all machines are lined up so that when customers call to interact with Dyson employees about the problems they are facing, the staff understands what they say. Mostly this approach works but if needed, Dyson engineers do not hesitate to visit the customer to fix their machines. SHOWs Processes: At DYSON, all activities are perfectly aligned to live up to the Dyson formula. From Drawing of machine design, to rigorous testing and dropping at premises, to testing by employees at home, competitions of employees to give them a chance to invent, all have the same spirit of problem solving through continuous innovation and perfection. Strategy and not just operational effectiveness A company can outperform rivals if it can establish a difference it can preserve. The difference between operational effectiveness and strategy can best be seen in the case of Dyson. Since its birth, the company has successfully managed to innovate relentlessly in an industry which was previously characterized with discounting. (_____) Dyson perfectly fits in the definition of strategy doing activities differently than competitors. (_____) As for generic strategy framework, Dyson follows the strategy of Product Differentiation. Origin of strategic position can be categorized as needs based as Dyson vacuum cleaners are for a large group of customers with different needs and Dyson handles them all well by introducing add-ons to the core product. BCG Matrix BCG Matrix gives a two-dimensional view of different products in portfolio and what strategies can be implemented to maximize profitability and liquidity. Dysons high share in upright and cylinder vacuum cleaners but low growth in these products in the recent years shows they are cash cows. Whereas low share in handheld and high growth means handheld vacuum cleaners are question marks for Dyson Ltd. increasing market share in handheld through innovation and exciting features will transform it into a Star product. Dysons Flexibility and Focus Dysons strategy comes under perennial renaissance as Dyson focus on consistent, enduring and constant change with creativity and new ideas. ANS-OFF Matrix The ANS-OFF Matrix suggests that Dyson has decided its product strategy and market growth through: Market development by entering into new markets (45 countries and are still expanding) with existing products. Product development by introducing new features to the existing products into existing markets. Industry Analysis: Porter 5 Forces Analysis: Bargaining power of buyers: It will be low as Dysons innovative technology provides something that none of the competitor provides so the customers would not be having any product to compare the Dyson products with. This will result in the low bargaining power of buyers. Bargaining power of suppliers: Suppliers have low bargaining power as Dyson is the industry leader and is selling the maximum number of units so they have all rights to impose power on its suppliers. Rivalry of competitors: Rivalry of competitors is not severe as the closest competitor in cylinder and upright vacuum cleaners is Vax, which is far behind Dyson. Operating system focus: Dyson has ranked the operating system focus in the following manner:

Immigrants Do NOT Increase Crime Rates Essay -- Undocumented Immagrant

The thought of arriving immigrants in any host country has been accompanied by reactions of exclusion, and continues to expand throughout the years. During any social illness, immigrants tend to be the first to be held responsible by their recipient societies. Most crimes are associated with immigrants due to the fact that they may not posses the same socio-economics status as natives. Another contributing factor is the media that conducts numerous stories that highlight the image of immigrant crimes to recall the alleged difference between native and foreign born. Undoubtedly, the correlation between immigration and crime has become one of the most controversial discussions in current society. As we enter a new era, immigrants will have more impact on society than ever before (Feldmeyer, 2009). There can be numerous reasons to believe immigrants are more prone to commit crimes, for example, they have to learn to adapt into the cultural traits and social patterns of the harboring country, as natives do not (Desmond & Kubrin, 2009). However, despite such claims, empirical studies have revealed that immigrants are understated in criminal statistics. Throughout the years many texts and scholarly articles have been published further analyzing and proving that immigrants are less prone to committing crimes than their native peers. Furthermore, researchers examine the reason as to why immigrants are weighed as a whole even though ethnic groups among immigrants have different rates of crime. For example, Hispanic immigrants are far more prone to commit crimes than a Japanese immigrant. This makes it unfair to consider that because a Japanese is an immigrant, they are also more prone to commit crimes. Much like in the past, the publ... ...untries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 52,115-131 http://cos.sagepub.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content/52/1-2/114 Desmond, S. A., & Kubrin, C. E. (2009). THE POWER OF PLACE: Immigrant communities and adolescent violence, The Sociological Quarterly, 50, 581-607 http://www.gwu.edu/~soc/docs/Kubrin/Immig_Communities.pdf Feldmeyer, B. (2009). Immigration and violence: The offsetting effects of immigrant concentration on Latino violence. Social Science Research, 38, 717-731 http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/tmp/9506051508484483171.pdf Nielsen, A. L., & Martinez, R. (2011). Nationality, immigrant groups, and arrest: Examining the diversity of arrestees for urban violent crime. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27, 343-360 http://ccj.sagepub.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content/27/3/342

Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing Essay

Here is my report on â€Å"Foreign Exchange policy of EXIM BANK Limited : A Critical Evaluation † submitted to your honor. A methodological research was conducted to prepare the report for fulfillment of the requirement of Internship Program, an integral part to the academic curriculum for MBA. This report has been prepared on the basis of the findings out of the research work with practical knowledge, which includes collection of primary and secondary data, discussion with the executives and study on relevant books and publications. I have studied on relevant issues and tried to highlight the pros and cons of it accordingly in this regard. I have also tried to reflect all the findings of my study in this report to the point to make it a rich one. I would like to express my gratitude for your kind guidance in completion of the report assigned for me. I sincerely hope that this report will meet your expectation and will serve its purposes. Thanking you. Sincerely yours (Trishita Chowdhoury) Class Roll no.: 15036 Exam. Roll no.: 2000/88 Registration no.: 2445 MBA, Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing University of Chittagong. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All the praise and admiration for almighty God the most gracious, most merciful that has enabled me for successful completion and submission of this dissertation timely. I would like to express profound gratitude and indebtedness to my honorable teacher and Internship supervisor â€Å"Mr. Bazlur Rahman† Associate Professor Department of marketing, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh, for his direct concern, professional guidance, encouragement during my research work and for his critical suggestions and corrections of the manuscript in the preparation of this Internship up to this. I accord a deep sense of appreciation to the professor â€Å"Salamatullah Bhunia† Chairman of Marketing Department, University of Chittagong, for providing necessary facilities during my research time. I express my profound gratitude to all other respected and honorable teachers of our department for their mental boosting up and give their valuable advice during my research work. I shall be improper, if I don’t thank Mr. Md. Abdul Hasham, honorable Assistant Vice President & Manager of EXIM Bank (CDA Avenue Branch) who gave the opportunity to work in his well-reputed organization as internee. I offer my sincere thanks to all the officials of the EXIM Bank, CDA Avenue Branch, Chittagong, who cordially arrange and support me all time. I also grateful to the other officers and staffs of our Department of Marketing university of Chittagong for their continuous help during the research program. I am really thankful to all my all classmates of Department of Marketing who are always a source of inspiration for me in accomplishing this work. Finally, I would like to say thanks to all these people and looking forward for their continued support and cooperation in future. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY Today Banking Sector is much more integrated into both individual and also business organization. Banking sector has expanded today’s business world. A financial institution that is licensed to deal with money and its substitution by accepting time and demand deposit making, loans and investing in security is called Bank.   It can be expanded through Private and public own based. But in Bangladesh banking has extremely expanded in the current few years. In Bangladesh there are too many banking institution. They all are trying to keep their customer in a level through providing better service. All of are practice their activities through General banking like deposit collection, saving money, handling transfer transaction Loan and Advance like term loan, cash credit, industry loan, Foreign Exchange like letter of guarantee, import and export, remittance etc. Service from banking is seemed to vary from service provider organization to another service provider organization. This sensitive part gets more sensitivity when individual as well as country’s potentiality like â€Å"Foreign exchange policy â€Å" of a bank involves in there. And, it becomes more complex if that bank owned by a private sector and its also Shariah based banking  institution. This is why, I feel myself fortunate enough to win a chance for undergoing an internship program EXIM Bank limited special reference with CDA avenue branch. Foreign Exchange policy of our country approved by Bangladesh Bank. This specific policy must be follow by the all other bank. We know Export and import is the most important issue for every country. Every country’s national bank determined its policy, which are highly related to the country’s welfare. In our country our national bank Bangladesh Bank determined this policy. This profile reflects the unique position of the† Foreign Exchange Policy of EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited† is enjoying. So, i think a deep-rooted study may explore the mystery of its success side by side indicating the reason behind failure one to another service provider organizations. This study will comprise the exploratory findings of EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited its General Banking, Loan investment, Specially Foreign exchange policy, recommendations in the light of predetermined objectives, and methodology subject to acknowledgement of the affect caused by unavoidable limitation. In recent survey an important things comes out that is investor from other countries have getting interest to invest there. Investment from the other country highly related to the Foreign Exchange policy that include export and import business of a country. In here there is a problem that most of the policy has been taken from the highly qualified people but they take policy never talk with ultimate investor who are working in the rural level. EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited follows all of the policy strictly. But some times it also face problem for that policy. Working in the practical field researcher find that in some cases merchandiser want high priced L/C value if the bank is capable but it cannot do that for the policy limitations. So in that time they have to follow the other initiative, which create problem. Here the researcher make this report by the following way. Chapter -1 shows the introductory analysis. Chapter –2 shows theoretical analysis for the study. Chapter –3 shows overview of the EXIM Bank.Chapter-4 Analysis &Evaluation of FEP of EXIM Bank.Chapter-5 shows Major findings And  finally Chapter-5 shows recommendation and conclusion Here the most noticeable thing is that EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited creates about 23% growth about its foreign exchange policy. It enjoy all the facilities that it can.

5 Benefits of Accepting an Internship After College

5 Benefits of Accepting an Internship After College Not everyone can graduate college and go straight into a full-time well-paid position. And those who do are often at entry-level. Why not consider a post-graduate internship: one year of servitude in exchange for possible future advantages? Here are 5 benefits  of accepting an internship after college.1. Buy timeA year-long internship gives you an entire year of freedom to figure out where your interests and skills really lie and what sort of job you’d most like to be your first. It’s the best time to take stock and find the track that’s right for you, before plonking your train onto it and charging off into your professional life for good.Soul search, network, look for new opportunities, figure out in which direction you’d most like to push yourself. And remember that a year is short and the time will likely fly.2. Try on a new cityIf you land an internship in a new place, consider it an opportunity to try that city out before committing with a permanen t move. If towards the end of your internship, you find yourself less than thrilled with your physical surroundings, you’ll know where not to direct your job applications.3. Boost your resumeBottom line: internships make your resume look better. Most companies actually consider them a prerequisite for most quality jobs. Having this year on your resume can actually give you a competitive edge when you hit the job market for real.4. Get paidMost unpaid internships get away with being unpaid by offering college credit. But you’ve already graduated! They’ll have to pay you, however meekly. Take advantage of this by working extra hours whenever possible. You’ll prove your diligence and devotion, and start paying off those student loans!5. Use your degreeDon’t want to work alongside a sophomore who just wants to spend a semester in the city partying? Don’t worry. There are internships out there especially designed for college graduates. These will value your accomplishments and help you to make the most of your degree, rather than making you feel you’ve taken a step backward.In short, never underestimate the power of the internship to jumpstart your career.

The Islam Concept

The Islam Concept Introduction Islam is among the major religions with many followers around the world. The number of Muslim adherents is about 1.2 billion across the globe. The founder of Islam is Muhammad. He was born in 570. Majority of Muslims attest that Allah (God) gave him the authority as a portent of timely news to mankind. His early influence through teachings made many people in Mecca admires Islam and its practices thus, contributing to its growth and expansion.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Islam Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Islam has continued to hold the traditional practices anchored in the Quran (Islam holy book) and those created by their founders. Significant rituals of Islam include; the sacred time, the five pillars among other rituals and ceremonies which are normally performed in Mosques (Islam place of worship). The rituals and ceremonies have continued to define their faith to date. Also, Islam has continued to increase their faith through their religion beliefs. Beliefs such as the sacred narratives, human nature and ultimate reality and divine being form the basis of Muslim faith. Islam’s assume that most people mistake Jihad as a â€Å"holy war†. However, for them, Jihad appoints constant struggles that one is involved in protecting his/her faith and privileges of worship. According to Maqsood, Muslims describes Jihad has having a strong connection in the Quran (85). Thus, it is a network of checks and balances that Allah left them with â€Å"to check one people with another. Hence, when a person or a group violates their limits or rights of others, Muslims have the right and duty to control them, so they can adapt to what is right. According to Maqsood Islam does not tolerate unprovoked aggressions from their companion Muslims (77). They are commanded in the Quran not to create hostilities, violet the welfare and rights of other people, assoc iate in acts of aggressions and harm the innocent. Moreover, even destroying or hurting trees or animals is forbidden. However, war is only a last resort waged to defend the Islam faith against oppression and harassment (Maqsood 94). Islam’s classifies Jihad into three distinct groups. These groups are physical, verbal and personal Jihad. Muslims invoke physical Jihad when they are protecting themselves against exploitation and oppression from their perceived enemies and Allah.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They affirm that Allah allows Muslims to embrace peaceful lives and not to offend against anyone. However, when they are oppressed and persecuted, the Quran affirm that they need to migrate to tolerant and peaceful land. On some occasions, when the migration or relocation is not possible, then Allah allows Muslims to protect themselves against t hemselves by against those who fight them. Verbal Jihad allows Muslims to aim for justice through words rather than threatening activities. Muslims believe that Mohammed encouraged them to ask for justice by pleading the name of Allah. During his life in Makkah (Mecca), he embraced non-violent methods. However, after fixing his leadership in Medinah, by Allah permission, he used armed struggle against his transgressors whenever he thought it was unavoidable†. Muslims believe personal Jihad is the most fundamental form embraced by them. This form of Jihad is called the Jihadun-Nafs. It shows the profound campaign that one is involved in purifying his/her spirit against evil influences. According to Syed Muslims describes different contexts in which the Quran and the Hadith (the sayings of Mohammed) use the word Jihad to refer to personal struggles (124),. Some of the explanation put forward is making Allah a priority rather than wealth, worldly ambitions, loved ones and our own lives (Syed 45).Others include, striving for righteous deeds, spreading the message of Islam and resisting pressures from the society, peers and parents. Islam is believed to have begun in the 7th century C.E when Mohammed received and preached the message of Islam to the people of Arabia. Islam was an Arabic word which means â€Å"submission, acceptance, obligation or surrender† (Farah 191). A follower of Islam is called Muslims, literary, those who make peace. Muslims are those people who submit to the will of Allah in all aspects of their lives and enjoy peace with Allah and one another in return (Robinson Rodrigues 132). Mohammed gave Islam to the religious group he founded. There are various events that historians believe was the beginning of Islam. Other historical accounts suggest that Islam source is credited to God’s early creation of the universe, and all things in it, this included Adam and (Farah 33). Islam is a leading religion in the world. Its follower s are called Muslims. They worship in a place called mosque, and their holy book is known as the Quran. It is estimated that, since its origin, Muslim faith has spread and become one of the largest religions in the world in the 21st century. It has estimated followers of 1.2 billion across the globe.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Islam Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Muhammad is considered as the founder of Muslims faith. Mohammed was born Mecca in 570. Muslims believe that God send him as the messenger of good news. Farah (74) illustrate that Mohammed was born in a wealthy family. He married Khadija. When he was 40 years old, it is believed that he was directed by angel Gabriel about the oneness of God, but when he shared these revelations to other Meccans, they rejected his teachings with raging hostility. This saw Muhammad flee to the city of Medina where he won many Muslims followers. He went back to his city of Mecca, his birth place after 8 years with an army and did a cleansing of Ka’aba which had pagan idols, and dedicated the temple to Allah, Muslim Supreme Being. Muhammad died two months after preaching to a congregation of about 30,000 followers on the plains of Arafat in 632 (Farah, 153). Islam believes in sacred narratives such as the story of creation and the prophets. The stories usually revolve around the life and experiences of Muhammad, his prophetic roles. Although, other prophets such as; Abraham narratives are widely embraced by Muslims. Muhammad’s stories are covered extensively in the Quran through the accounts of revelation from creation (Robinson Rodrigues 200). Islam also believes in ultimate reality and divine beings. They believe that Allah is the author of all living and noon-living things including the angels. The obedience to Allah is the heart of Muslim faith (Warren 135). Hence, one who surrenders to Allah is a true Muslim . The Quran draws Allah as the judge, the creator and ruler, all powerful, compassionate and all-knowing of all things. He is also regarded as the master of all things present in the universe. Islam also teaches about the purpose of life and human nature. They assert the purpose of life is to serve and love God through serving and loving others. Islam claims that people can always forget this principle, but God being gentle always shows them the way. Islam is a monotheistic religion hence it teaches that God created the earth and all things therein (Warren 123). All things created by God fulfill their obligation by serving and loving him. In this sense, the whole world is Muslim. Islam also belief in the afterlife and salvation, Muslim followers believe in the Day of Judgment and heaven and hell. According to Farah (184) a person is responsible for his/her final judgment he/she will receive. They will be charged basing on their deeds and their intentions. In heaven and hell, Muslims believe the ultimate journey of a person to heaven or hell depends on the level in which the person acted and intended as God desires mercy and justice towards others. Whereas it is difficult to predict the trip to either heaven or hell, those who have faith in God’s revelation and live according to these revelations may hope for heaven.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Islam is a religion with diverse rituals. Hence, the rituals have continued to carve their way of worship and style of worship. Muslims consider sacred time as indispensable to their faith. They have a strict calendar which follows a lunar pattern punctuated by several significant public celebrations and feast. These celebrations and feasts have religious and historical roots. Islam calendar is divided into twelve months each having 29 to 30 days. The months are also divided into weeks of seven days each. The programme is significant. It marks the annual times that are critical to Muslims such as the Night of Power which is celebrated on the 27th day of Ramadan. Daily life is also punctuated by moments of holiness symbolized by the call of Muezzin to prayer. Islam embraces various rites and ceremonies. Various ceremonies and rites follow pertinent transitions in life such as birth, marriage and death. Besides the Five pillars of Islam, various religious practices affect the lives of Muslims and accord value to significant life’s transitions. The Quran contains restrictions against drinking of wine and consuming pork. The restriction of wine is primarily interpreted to illustrate a universal prohibition on alcohol and associated products. Charging high interest on loans is also outlawed. The basis of Islamic worship is anchored in the five pillars of bearing a witness to the oneness of God, charity, prayer, pilgrimage and fasting. Muslims are united in culture and across boundaries of geography through their observance of the five pillars. These include ritual prayer (salat) charity to the poor (zakat), fasting (sawm), witnessing (shahadah) and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). These five pillars are mentioned in the bible are mandatory for all Muslims. The star and crescent moon are the most recognized symbol of Islam whereas the colors red, black and green and blue have a symbolic meaning. The absent of holy figures and humans in monuments, public places bui lding s and mosques reflect the Islamic beliefs. They assert that by having holy figures, in mosques and other public places is an attempt to challenge God who is the supreme creator and sustainer of life. The Islamic art and architecture is widely renowned. It is characterized with patterns of interlaced lines, a design known as the arabesque.   The art and architecture also comprises of complex surface patterns created in dazzling colors (Robinson Rodrigues 213). Various artists have created many artistic realizations’ of the phrase Bismallah (in the name of God, the Merciful and Compassionate) in either Kufic (geometric) calligraphy or nakshi (flowing style). These are key symbols in Islam. Islam is one of the world religions which have a stimulating origin and history. Despite of its initial concentration in Mecca, its widespread across the world has enabled to gain more followers and preserve its established practices. Like any other main religions of the world such a s Christianity and Judaism, Islam is a religion which embraces God’s commandment of love one another as I love you. Although, many people see Jihad as radical Islam approach to life, The Islam view jihad as a justification from the Quran. Hence, different circumstances compels jihad to be invoked. Farah, E Caesar. Islam: Beliefs and Observances. New York: Barrons Educational Series, 2003. Print Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris. Islam. London: Heinemann, 1995. Print Robinson, Thomas Arthur Rodrigues Hillary. World Religions. London: Hymns Ancient Modern Ltd, 2006. Print. Syed, Ameer Ali. The Spirit of Islam or the Life and Teachings of Mohammad. New Jersey: Gorgias Press LLC, 2002. Print Warren, Matthews. World Religions. Connecticut: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.

Report (not essay) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report (not ) - Essay Example In the same vein, Chancellor Gordon Brown made a promise that Britain would be a leader in tackling the issue on an international level. Emission of CO2 from various industries and motor vehicles is choking the environment and leading to the greenhouse effect or trapping of large amounts of heat that leads to an increase in the earth’s temperature. During the last century, it is believed that the surface of the earth has warmed up by 0.75 degrees C. Other than CO2 , gases like methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour also contribute to this hazard. The following chart shows the sector wise distribution of global emissions: The UNFCCC defines climate change as â€Å" a change of climate that is attributed to directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comaprable time periods.†[Gleneagles G8 Summit] Some analysts however feel that the noise created around global warming might be the handiwork of some individuals for gaining their own interests. The situation is not really as bad as it is projected and in case reports about global warming are believed, we might be going back to pre-industrialization era.. Richard Courtney [1999] feels that people advocating the global warming theory are some researchers who are in need of research grants and some organisations working in the field of environment and need donations. He is of the opinion that they are promoting an imaginary fear of a man-made phenomenon. By promoting fear, they are selling their goods and ideas to the government and general public. It is clear that industries that cater to a clean and pollution-free environment will benefit from the commotion created around global warming and climate change. As such, industries that would discourage the use of fossil fuels, conventional methods of

Financial Reporting and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Reporting and Analysis - Assignment Example 2) Non-cash items usually include those items which do not include the transfer of money. The most feasible way for adjusting non-cash items is by adding the same form the net income of the firm (Hung, 2000). 3) The stock market participants were able to predict the fall in the revenues of Charter. As a result the company’s stock prices began being priced low by the stock market forces. A low price allocates a low level of dividend (Berk & DeMarzo, 2013). A low share price allocation also helps a firm to attract a large number of small investor (Rioja & Valev, 2004). However a declining share price also indicates a firm’s low revenue which also repels a number of investors who expect growth and rising dividends (Chandra, 2005). The financial performance of airlines industry is generally analyzed on the basis of return on equity (ROE) or return on assets (ROA). The airline industry is immensely capital intensive and profitability is usually measured on the basis of returns available on equity or assets. Accordingly it is seen that the ROA for the airlines industry on an average is around 9.8. From the given data it is seen that firm 6 incurs a ROA ratio of 9.95. Hence this firm belongs to the airlines industry. Banking firms puts special emphasis upon the returns from operations. Hence net margin is usually one of the critical parameters for judging the efficiency of the firms in this sector. The banking industry usually incurs a net profit margin of 16. From the given data set, it is seen that firm 9 has a net profit margin of 12.82. Most brewery firms analyze their financial effectively by analyzing the gross margin ratio. Breweries usually have a gross profit margin of 60. From the given data it can therefore be analyzed that firm 8 has a gross profit of 60.21. Hence firm 8 belongs to brewery industry. Departmental stores usually experience a very high level of liquidity and hence